Anatomical Variations of the Cystic Artery and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Persisting Surgical Challenge.

Although elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure, it can become challenging due to multiple variants of the anatomy of both cystic artery and cystic bile duct. A 52-year-old male with a history of symptomatic cholelithiasis underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During preparation of the Calot's triangle in order to achieve the "critical view of safety", an uncommon variation of the arterial anatomy was detected.

Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Gliomas.

Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumor and are characterized by a plethora of heterogeneous molecular alterations. Current treatments require the emergence of reliable biomarkers that will aid personalized treatment decisions and increase life expectancy. Glioma tissues are not as easily accessible as other solid tumors; therefore, detecting prominent biomarkers in biological fluids is necessary.

Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey (1766-1842): innovator of the triage.

Background: During times of war, it is common for some of the most valiant physicians to practice their skills at the battlefields. Only few of them, however, manage to excel. Among those physicians who seemed like the battlefield was their natural environment, was the military surgeon of the French army, Baron Dominique Jean Larrey (1766-1842).

Anatomy and Pathogenesis of Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

The current literature review article describes the anatomy and pathogenesis of the vascular nature of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), as well as gathers the latest and most important information concerning its diagnostic methods and treatment. This syndrome's subcategory includes the venous and the arterial. Data for this review was accumulated through the PubMed database in which only scientific studies published in the last decade (2012-2022) were searched.