Is Internal brace augmentation a gold standard treatment compared to isolated Modified Brostrom Gould repair for chronic lateral ligament ankle instability? Effect on functional outcome and Return to preinjury activity: A retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Modified Brostrom Gould (MBG) repair is widely accepted procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI), but there are limitations with regards to strength of repair and risk of reinjury and complications. Internal brace has been recently used as augmentation of standard MBG repair. It provides stronger construct, facilitates early mobilisation and protects repaired ligament with minimal surgical morbidity.

Bleomycin Electrosclerotherapy Treatment in the Management of Vascular Malformations.

Background: Intralesional injection of a sclerosing agent is a standard treatment for vascular malformations, but many repeat treatments are often required to achieve a response. The temporary application of an electrical field to the treated area increases cellular membrane permeability and therefore augments drug delivery.

Objective: To report a case series of patients with vascular malformations who received bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (EST).

Effectiveness of Cadaveric Simulation in Neurosurgical Training: A Review of the Literature.

Objective: Increased restrictions on working hours and the resultant decrease in theater time coupled with greater scrutiny to demonstrate proficiency at surgical tasks has resulted in the incorporation of simulators for surgical training. This literature review describes the use of cadaveric simulators in postgraduate neurosurgical training, with the aim to analyze their effectiveness in improving surgical performance.

Methods: An electronic literature search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify studies that look at the efficacy of cadaveric simulation in neurosurgical training.

Methodological shortcomings in the literature evaluating the role and applications of 3D training for surgical trainees.

Aim: There has been an increased interest in the use of three-dimensional (3D) technology in surgical training. We wish to appraise the methodological rigor applied to evaluating the role and applications of 3D technology in surgical training, in particular, on the validity of these models and assessment methods in simulated surgical training.

Methods: Literature search was performed using MEDLINE with the following terms: "3D"; "surgery"; and "training".

Effects of habitual physical activity on microsurgical performance.

We investigated the effect of physical activity on microsurgical performance. Forty novice candidates and 6 expert controls did a series of consecutive end-to-end microvascular anastomoses. To assess performance, we did a hand motion analysis and correlated the results with levels of habitual physical activity.

Intramuscular Local Anesthetic Infiltration at Closure for Postoperative Analgesia in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis OBJECTIVE.: To identify whether intramuscular local anesthetic infiltration prior to wound closure was effective in reducing postoperative pain and facilitating early discharge following lumbar spine surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Local anesthetic infiltration prior to wound closure may form part of the multimodal strategy for postoperative analgesia, facilitating early mobilization and discharge.

A nutrient combination designed to enhance synapse formation and function improves outcome in experimental spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury leads to major neurological impairment for which there is currently no effective treatment. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Fortasyn® Connect in Alzheimer's disease. Fortasyn® Connect is a specific multi-nutrient combination containing DHA, EPA, choline, uridine monophosphate, phospholipids, and various vitamins.