An interplay between cross-cultural and psychometric factors in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Experience from the language of a small nation.

The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that the total word length on the Memory subtest of the Czech version of the MoCA, which is 12 syllables compared to the English version of 7 syllables, would have a significant effect on Delayed Recall scores compared to the newly created well-balanced version of the test (further MoCA-WLE). In the original Czech version of MoCA, we replaced the 12-syllable word list in the Memory subtest with a 7-syllable list (MoCA-WLE) to make it equivalent to the standard English version in this respect. We analyzed data from 83 participants in the original MoCA group (70.

Small effects of olfactory identification and discrimination on global cognitive and executive performance over 1 year in aging people without a history of age-related cognitive impairment.

Olfactory and cognitive performance share neural correlates profoundly affected by physiological aging. However, whether odor identification and discrimination scores predict global cognitive status and executive function in healthy older people with intact cognition is unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we set out to elucidate these links in a convenience sample of 204 independently living, cognitively intact healthy Czech adults aged 77.

Longitudinal assessment of ventricular volume trajectories in early-stage schizophrenia: evidence of both enlargement and shrinkage.

Background: Lateral ventricular enlargement represents a canonical morphometric finding in chronic patients with schizophrenia; however, longitudinal studies elucidating complex dynamic trajectories of ventricular volume change during critical early disease stages are sparse.

Methods: We measured lateral ventricular volumes in 113 first-episode schizophrenia patients (FES) at baseline visit (11.7 months after illness onset, SD = 12.

Processing speed predicts SuperAging years later.

Background: SuperAging is one of the current concepts related to elite, resilient or high-functioning cognitive aging. The main aim of our study was to find possible predictors of SuperAgers (SA).

Methods: Community-dwelling older persons (N = 96) aged 80-101 years in 2018 were repeatedly tested (year 2012 and 2018).

Increased amisulpride serum concentration in a patient treated with concomitant pregabalin and trazodone: a case report.

We report on the case of a 46-year-old woman with generalized anxiety disorder, paranoid personality disorder, and mild reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). She was treated with pregabalin, trazodone, hydroxyzine, and clonazepam before hospital admission. Pharmacotherapy for the patient was changed during her first week in the hospital.

Dopamine Receptor Partial Agonists: Do They Differ in Their Clinical Efficacy?

Dopamine receptor partial agonists (DRPAs; aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine) constitute a novel class of antipsychotics. Although they share a similar mechanism of action, DRPAs differ in their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, or safety and tolerability. The antipsychotic efficacy of all three drugs was established in several placebo-controlled randomized trials (RCTs) in schizophrenia, both acute phase and relapse prevention.

The 30-item and 15-item Boston naming test Czech version: Item response analysis and normative values for healthy older adults.

Objective: The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is the most widely used test to assess visual confrontation naming in both research and clinical settings. Recently, an abbreviated Czech version of the BNT was described. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of this new test at the item level with advanced psychometric methods to assess its equivalence with the original test.

Reducing misclassification of mild cognitive impairment based on base rate information from the Uniform data set.

The current study aimed to define and validate the criteria for characterizing and cognitive deficits based on the psychometric approach using the Uniform data set Czech version (UDS-CZ 2.0) to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis. We computed the prevalence of low scores on the 14 subtests of UDS-CZ 2.

European Whites May Need Lower Minimum Therapeutic Clozapine Doses Than Those Customarily Proposed.

Purpose/background: A nomogram from a British naturalistic study proposed that the clozapine dosing needed to reach a serum concentration of 350 ng/mL ranged from 265 mg/d (female nonsmokers) to 525 mg/d (male smokers). Some European reviews have used these dosing recommendations, which seem greater than what we found in an Italian White sample ranging from 245 mg/d (female nonsmokers) to 299 mg/d (male smokers). Five other published samples of European Whites were added to the Italian sample to estimate clozapine doses recommended for reaching 350 ng/mL.

Season of the year, vitamin D and COVID-19.

Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory tract infection in two meta-analyses. Mendelian randomization shows a causal effect of low vitamin D on bacterial pneumonias risk. These studies involved patients before COVID-19 pandemic.

Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised: normative data and clinical utility of learning indices in Parkinson's disease.

: The Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) is a frequently used visuospatial declarative memory test, but normative data in the Czech population are lacking. Moreover, the BVMT-R includes promising learning indexes that can be used to detect learning deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its clinical usefulness has not yet been thoroughly examined.

Long-term cognitive trajectory and activities of daily living in healthy aging.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate if participants in NANOK study (National Normative Study of Cognitive Determinants of Healthy Ageing) who show no cognitive decline throughout five years (successful healthy agers; SHA) will show less age-related differences in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) based on Functional Activities Questionnaire in comparison to participants who show subtle cognitive decline (Decliners) over time.

Method: We used two different classifications of SHA: Rogalski ( 25 SHA and  15 Decliners) based on cross-sectional neuropsychology measures and linear mixed model (LMEM; 20 SHA and 20 Decliners) based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment longitudinal 5-years follow-up. Whole-brain T1- and T2-weighted images were corrected for distortions and segmented using Freesurfer.

Effect of vitamin D deficiency on BMI in patients treated with Multi-acting Receptor Target Antipsychotics.

Objectives: Our aim was to examine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on BMI in patients treated with Multi-acting Receptor Target Antipsychotics (MARTA).

Methods: We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and body mass index (BMI) in patients with (≥1 months) and without long-term exposure to MARTA to evaluate the role of 25(OH)D deficiency on BMI.

Results: The BMI was significantly higher after long-term MARTA exposure in 25(OH)D-deficient patients than in non-deficient patients.

Stability of memory SuperAgers over 3 years.

Some people aged 80 years and older are "memory SuperAgers" (SAs), that is, they have the episodic memory of a sexagenarian. In a sample of 208 non-demented adults, we found that 12% were SAs. A total of 101 participants completed the 4-year study; of this subsample, 10.

Changes in Cognitive Impairment in the Czech Republic.

Background: Studies from North America and Western Europe suggest stable or declining trends in impaired cognition across birth cohorts.

Objective: We aimed to examine changes in the age-specific prevalence of cognitive impairment in the Czech Republic.

Methods: The study used two samples from the population-based Czech Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.

The Association Between Familial Risk and Brain Abnormalities Is Disease Specific: An ENIGMA-Relatives Study of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects.

Differences in Subjective Cognitive Complaints Between Non-Demented Older Adults from a Memory Clinic and the Community.

Background: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) may represent an early cognitive marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a need to identify specific SCCs associated with an increased likelihood of underlying AD.

Objective: Using the Questionnaire of Cognitive Complaints (QPC), we evaluated the pattern of SCCs in a clinical sample of non-demented older adults in comparison to cognitively healthy community-dwelling volunteers (HV).

Prevalence of late-life depression and gap in mental health service use across European regions.

Background We aimed to determine the prevalence and gap in use of mental health services for late-life depression in four European regions (Western Europe, Scandinavia, Southern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe) and explore socio-demographic, social and health-related factors associated with it. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on data from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Participants were a population-based sample of 28 796 persons (53% women, mean age 74 years old) residing in Europe.

Beck Depression Inventory-II: Self-report or interview-based administrations show different results in older persons.

Unlabelled: ABSTRACTBeck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most-used rating scales. It was developed as a tool administered either as a self-rating or interview-based, observer-rating scale.

Objective: The goal of this study is to compare BDI-II scores obtained with two standard methods of administration in community-based older persons.

Determining a Short Form Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s-MoCA) Czech Version: Validity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Parkinson's Disease and Cross-Cultural Comparison.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the most common screening instruments for mild cognitive impairment. However, the standard MoCA is approximately two times longer to administer than the Mini-Mental State Examination. A total of 699 Czech and 175 American participants received the standard MoCA Czech and English versions and in the clinical part, a sample of 102 nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).