Cross-cultural differences through subjective cognition: illustration in translatology with the SSTIC-E in the UAE.

The development of appropriate and valid multicultural and multilingual instruments research is necessary due to a growing multicultural and multilingual society in the 21st century. We explored the use of a cognitive scale related to subjective complaints, focusing on the first step: a cross-cultural and semantic validation. This study presents the translation and cross-validation process of the "Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia" (SSTICS) for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) region via different languages used in Dubaï/Abu Dhabi.

Deep Learning-Based Automatic Assessment of Lung Impairment in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Predicting Markers of Hypoxia With Computer Vision.

Background: Hypoxia is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be seen in pneumonia patients.

Objective: We aimed to develop and test an automatic assessment of lung impairment in COVID-19 associated pneumonia with machine learning regression models that predict markers of respiratory and cardiovascular functioning from radiograms and lung CT.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled a total of 605 COVID-19 cases admitted to Al Ain Hospital from 24 February to 1 July 2020 into the study.

Neurophysiological Predictors of Response to Medication in Parkinson's Disease.

Although dopaminergic medication has been the foundation of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy for decades, sensitive and specific therapeutic response biomarkers that allow for better treatment optimization are lacking. We tested whether the features of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-based neurophysiological measures taken off-medication are associated with dopaminergic medication-induced clinical effects. Motor cortex excitability [short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), and input-output (IO) curve], and plasticity [paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocol] neurophysiological measures were examined in 23 PD patients off-medication.

Proportional Changes in Cognitive Subdomains During Normal Brain Aging.

Neuroscience lacks a reliable method of screening the early stages of dementia. To improve the diagnostics of age-related cognitive functions by developing insight into the proportionality of age-related changes in cognitive subdomains. We composed a battery of psychophysiological tests and collected an open-access psychophysiological outcomes of brain atrophy (POBA) dataset by testing individuals without dementia.

Brain Data in Pediatric Disorders of Consciousness: Special Considerations.

The diagnosis and management of disorders of consciousness in children continue to present a clinical, research, and ethical challenge. Though the practice guidelines for diagnosis and management of disorders of consciousness in adults are supported by decades of empirical and pragmatic evidence, similar guidelines for infants and children are lacking. The maturing conscious experience and the limited behavioral repertoire to report consciousness in this age group restrict extrapolation from the adult literature.

A conceptual framework for plasticity in the developing brain.

In this chapter, we highlight the various definitions of early brain plasticity commonly used in the scientific literature. We then present a conceptual framework of early brain plasticity that focuses on plasticity at the level of the synapse (synaptic plasticity) and the level of the network (connectivity). The proposed framework is organized around three main domains through which current theories and principles of early brain plasticity can be integrated: (1) the mechanisms of plasticity and constraints at the synaptic level and network connectivity, (2) the importance of temporal considerations related to the development of the immature brain, and (3) the functions early brain plasticity serve.

Effects of tDCS of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Dual-Task Performance Involving Manual Dexterity and Cognitive Task in Healthy Older Adults.

Healthy aging limits the activities of daily living and personal independence. Furthermore, cognitive-motor interference in dual-task (e.g.

Changes in cortical excitability during paired associative stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients and healthy subjects.

Paired associative stimulation (PAS) combines repetitive peripheral nerve stimulation with motor cortex (M1) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), to induce plastic-like changes of cortical excitability. While much attention has been dedicated to post-PAS effects little is known about processes during PAS. We compared the time-course of changes in M1 excitability during standard facilitatory PAS intervention among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), known to have diminished post-PAS response, and healthy subjects.

The Effects of Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Protocols on Cortical Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury.

Although repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in treatment of stroke in humans has been explored over the past decade the data remain controversial in terms of optimal stimulation parameters and the mechanisms of rTMS long-term effects. This study aimed to explore the potential of different rTMS protocols to induce changes in gene expression in rat cortices after acute ischemic-reperfusion brain injury. The stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with subsequent reperfusion.

Memory load effect in auditory-verbal short-term memory task: EEG fractal and spectral analysis.

The objective of this preliminary study was to quantify changes in complexity of EEG using fractal dimension (FD) alongside linear methods of spectral power, event-related spectral perturbations, coherence, and source localization of EEG generators for theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (13-23 Hz) frequency bands due to a memory load effect in an auditory-verbal short-term memory (AVSTM) task for words. We examined 20 healthy individuals using the Sternberg's paradigm with increasing memory load (three, five, and seven words). The stimuli were four-letter words.

Changes in motor cortex excitability associated with muscle fatigue in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background/aim: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a standard technique for noninvasive assessment of changes in central nervous system excitability. The aim of this study was to examine changes in responses to TMS in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) during sustained submaximal isometric voluntary contraction [60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] of the adductor pollicis muscle, as well as during a subsequent recovery period.

Methods: Cortical excitability was tested by single TMS pulses of twice of the motor threshold intensity applied over the vertex.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation has no placebo effect on motor learning.

Objective: Motor learning is the core cognitive function in neurorehabilitation and in various other skill-training activities (e.g. sport, music).

Gestational diabetes: an evaluation of serum fructosamine as a screening test in a high-risk population.

Aim: To evaluate the value of serum fructosamine as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: 849 pregnant women underwent the one-step 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for universal screening of GDM. The fasting serum fructosamine (cFruc) was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).