Differential editing efficiencies in cereal crops: a comparative analysis of tRNA and ribozyme multiplexed guide delivery.

Cereal transformation and gene editing can be a complex and costly undertaking. It is therefore important to validate and understand the performance of the components to achieve high rates of transformation and gene editing. Here, we have made a direct comparison of different CRISPR/Cas9 guide systems to target the genome in three cereal species.

The dissemination of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent clones across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with a wide range of community- and hospital-acquired infections. The emergence of clonal hypervirulent strains resistant to last-resort antimicrobial agents has become a global concern. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with its diverse population and high tourism traffic, serves as a platform where the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains are facilitated.

Superior target genes and pathways for RNAi-mediated pest control revealed by genome-wide analysis in the beetle Tribolium castaneum.

Background: An increasing human population, the emergence of resistances against pesticides and their potential impact on the environment call for the development of new eco-friendly pest control strategies. RNA interference (RNAi)-based pesticides have emerged as a new option with the first products entering the market. Essentially, double-stranded RNAs targeting essential genes of pests are either expressed in the plants or sprayed on their surface.

Novel str. 1D1416 for Citrus Transformation.

Citrus is one of the world's most important and widely produced fruit crops, with over a 100 million metric tons harvested from nearly 10 million hectares in 2023. Challenges in crop maintenance, production, and fruit quality necessitate developing new traits through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. While a few strains (EHA105, GV3101, LBA4404) are known to transform citrus, many wild strains remain untested.

Correction to Vaterite Dissolution: Mechanism and Kinetics.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.

The Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloid mitragynine: Analysis of adrenergic α receptor activity in vitro and in vivo.

Mitragynine, an alkaloid present in the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), has a complex pharmacology that includes low efficacy agonism at μ-opioid receptors (MORs). This study examined the activity of mitragynine at adrenergic α receptors (AαRs) in vitro and in vivo. Mitragynine displaced a radiolabeled AαR antagonist ([H]RX821002) from human AαRs in vitro with lower affinity (K = 1260 nM) than the agonists (-)-epinephrine (K = 263 nM) or lofexidine (K = 7.

A randomized multicenter trial of a chronic disease management intervention for decompensated cirrhosis. The A ustra l ian L iver F a i lur e (ALFIE) trial.

Background And Aims: Improving the care of decompensated cirrhosis is a significant clinical challenge. The primary aim of this trial was to assess the efficacy of a chronic disease management (CDM) model to reduce liver-related emergency admissions (LREA). The secondary aims were to assess model effects on quality-of-care and patient-reported outcomes.

The Use of β-Blockers and the Risk of Undergoing a Knee Arthroplasty: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: Research has indicated that β-blockers may downregulate various inflammatory mediators that are involved in osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to analyze the likelihood of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) among patients with OA who were being treated with β-blockers.

Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted with use of clinical records from our institutional database.

The Gendered Path for Girls in Rural Communities: The Impact of COVID-19 on Youth Presenting at Juvenile Detention Facilities.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, girls and women represented one of the fastest growing populations within the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Since the spread of COVID-19, suggestions were provided to juvenile justice bodies, encouraging a reduction of youth arrests, detainments, and quicker court processing. Yet, the research comparing peri-COVID-19 changes for girls and boys is lacking, with an oversight to gender trends and rural and urban differences.

but not can play a role in nutrient use efficiency and works through conserved pathways in both wheat and rice.

There is a large demand to reduce inputs for current crop production, particularly phosphate and nitrogen inputs which are the two most frequently added supplements to agricultural production. Gene characterization is often limited to the native species from which it was identified, but may offer benefits to other species. To understand if the rice gene Phosphate Starvation Tolerance 1 (PSTOL) , a gene identified from rice which improves tolerance to low P growth conditions, might improve performance and provide the same benefit in wheat, was transformed into wheat and expressed from a constitutive promoter.

Covid-19, pelvic health, and women's voices: A descriptive study.

Objective: To examine how the pandemic affected women with pelvic dysfunction.

Methods: A Survey Monkey™ online questionnaire on how the pandemic and Covid-19 infection affected women's pelvic problems, exercise, and weight. A free text box captured their comments.

Nutritional and genetic variation in a core set of Ethiopian Tef (Eragrostis tef) varieties.

Background: Tef (Eragrostis tef) is a tropical cereal domesticated and grown in the Ethiopian highlands, where it has been a staple food of Ethiopians for many centuries. Food insecurity and nutrient deficiencies are major problems in the country, so breeding for enhanced nutritional traits, such as Zn content, could help to alleviate problems with malnutrition.

Results: To understand the breeding potential of nutritional traits in tef a core set of 24 varieties were sequenced and their mineral content, levels of phytate and protein, as well as a number of nutritionally valuable phenolic compounds measured in grain.

Isolation and culture of pure adult mouse microglia and astrocytes for characterization and analyses.

Microglia and astrocytes are implicated in aging and age-related diseases. Here, we present a protocol to isolate and culture these glia cells from the murine brain. The protocol consists of two parts: magnetic sorting of adult microglia and mechanical/magnetic sorting of adult microglia and astrocytes.

Over-expression of TaDWF4 increases wheat productivity under low and sufficient nitrogen through enhanced carbon assimilation.

There is a strong pressure to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs while maintaining or increasing current cereal crop yields. We show that overexpression of TaDWF4-B, the dominant shoot expressed homoeologue of OsDWF4, in wheat can increase plant productivity by up to 105% under a range of N levels on marginal soils, resulting in increased N use efficiency (NUE). We show that a two to four-fold increase in TaDWF4 transcript levels enhances the responsiveness of genes regulated by N.

Efficacy of Systemic Treatment for Leishmania tropica Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

The effectiveness of systemic treatment for Leishmania tropica cutaneous leishmaniasis remains unclear. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic treatments for L. tropica cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Use of Transposon Directed Insertion-Site Sequencing to Probe the Antibacterial Mechanism of a Model Honey on K-12.

Antimicrobial resistance is an ever-growing health concern worldwide that has created renewed interest in the use of traditional anti-microbial treatments, including honey. However, understanding the underlying mechanism of the anti-microbial action of honey has been hampered due to the complexity of its composition. High throughput genetic tools could assist in understanding this mechanism.

Effect of endometrial scratching on unassisted conception for unexplained infertility: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate whether endometrial scratching increases the chance of live birth in women with unexplained infertility attempting to conceive without assisted reproductive technology.

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, participant-blind, multicenter international trial.

Setting: Fertility clinics.

A randomized trial of endometrial scratching in women with PCOS undergoing ovulation induction cycles.

Research Question: Does endometrial scratching improve the chance of a live birth in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing ovulation induction and trying to conceive?

Design: An international, multicentre, randomized, sham-controlled trial across six fertility clinics in three countries (New Zealand, UK and Brazil). Women with a diagnosis of PCOS who were planning to commence ovulation induction cycles (at least three cycles) in order to conceive were randomly assigned to receive the pipelle (scratch) procedure or a sham (placebo) procedure in the first cycle of ovulation induction. Women kept a diary of ovulation induction and sexual intercourse timing over three consecutive cycles and pregnancies were followed up to live birth.

Ectopic expression of TaBG1 increases seed size and alters nutritional characteristics of the grain in wheat but does not lead to increased yields.

Background: Grain size is thought to be a major component of yield in many plant species. Here we set out to understand if knowledge from other cereals such as rice could translate to increased yield gains in wheat and lead to increased nitrogen use efficiency. Previous findings that the overexpression of OsBG1 in rice increased yields while increasing seed size suggest translating gains from rice to other cereals may help to increase yields.

Genetic control of iron bioavailability is independent from iron concentration in a diverse winter wheat mapping population.

Background: Anemia is thought to affect up to 1.6 billion people worldwide. One of the major contributors to low iron (Fe) absorption is a higher proportion of cereals compared to meats and pulse crops in people's diets.