Reduced effectiveness of permethrin-treated military uniforms after prolonged wear measured by contact irritancy and toxicity bioassays with Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs.

Factory-treated permethrin uniforms are the primary method used by the US Army to prevent arthropod bites and transmission of arthropod-borne diseases. In this study previously worn uniforms were collected from cadets at the United States Military Academy in West Point, NY to determine the amount of permethrin remaining after prolonged wear and subsequent effects on ticks. Six trousers were collected from cadets in the sophomore, junior, and senior classes.

Is child anemia associated with early childhood development? A cross-sectional analysis of nine Demographic and Health Surveys.

Anemia is a significant public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with young children being especially vulnerable. Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia and prior studies have shown associations between low iron status/iron deficiency anemia and poor child development outcomes. In LMICs, 43% of children under the age of five years are at risk of not meeting their developmental potential.

Estimating minimum dietary diversity for children aged 6-23 months: a comparison of agreement and cost of two recall methods in Cambodia and Zambia.

Objective: To compare the agreement and cost of two recall methods for estimating children's minimum dietary diversity (MDD).

Design: We assessed child's dietary intake on two consecutive days: an observation on day one, followed by two recall methods (list-based recall and multiple-pass recall) administered in random order by different enumerators at two different times on day two. We compared the estimated MDD prevalence using survey-weighted linear probability models following a two one-sided test equivalence testing approach.

Assessing the performance of national sentinel food lists at subnational levels in six countries.

Objective: To assess how well national sentinel lists of the most frequently consumed foods in each food group capture data at subnational levels to measure minimum diet diversity (MDD).

Design: We analysed data from seven surveys with 24-h open dietary recalls to evaluate: (1) the percentage of reported foods that were included in each sentinel food list; (2) whether these lists captured consumption of some food groups better than others and (3) differences between estimates of dietary diversity calculated from all food items mentioned in the open 24-h recall . only food items included in the sentinel lists.

Does pre-enrichment of anodes with acetate to select for spp. enhance performance of microbial fuel cells when switched to more complex substrates?

Many factors affect the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Considerable attention has been given to the impact of cell configuration and materials on MFC performance. Much less work has been done on the impact of the anode microbiota, particularly in the context of using complex substrates as fuel.

External validation of a novel electronic risk score for cancer-associated thrombosis in a comprehensive cancer center.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant complication for cancer patients undergoing systemic therapy. We performed an independent external validation for a recently derived and validated a novel electronic health record (EHR) VTE risk score in a comprehensive cancer center. Adult patients with incident cancer diagnoses were identified from MD Anderson Cancer Center Tumor Registry 1/2017-1/2021.

Determinants of Maternal Diet Quality in Winter in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Diet quality influences maternal health and nutrition from preconception through pregnancy and lactation, as well as infant health and nutrition. Women are vulnerable to poor nutrition given their increased nutrient requirements during the prenatal period through the first 2 years postpartum. Minimum diet diversity among women, a good predictor of adequate micronutrient intake, is often used as a proxy for diet quality.

Encoding of environmental illumination by primate melanopsin neurons.

Light regulates physiology, mood, and behavior through signals sent to the brain by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). How primate ipRGCs sense light is unclear, as they are rare and challenging to target for electrophysiological recording. We developed a method of acute identification within the live, ex vivo retina.

A Real-World Matched Cohort Study of the Effect of Concomitant Amiodarone or Diltiazem Administration on Apixaban Peak and Trough Concentrations.

Background: Apixaban is a substrate for p-glycoprotein and is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. There are minimal published data regarding the effect of amiodarone and diltiazem on apixaban serum concentrations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the degree of elevation of apixaban concentrations resulting from amiodarone or diltiazem.

Exclusive breastfeeding: Measurement to match the global recommendation.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. To estimate the proportion of infants that are exclusively breastfed, many agencies use the point prevalence of EBF among infants currently 0-5.9 months of age, as recommended by WHO and UNICEF.

Assessment of Anti-Xa activity in patients receiving concomitant apixaban with strong p-glycoprotein inhibitors and statins.

What Is Known And Objectives: Although the apixaban Food and Drug Administration (FDA) package insert recommends dose reduction in patients administered dual strong inhibitors of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A4, there are limited published data regarding potential drug-drug interactions between apixaban (Eliquis) and common p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4 inhibitors co-administered with statins. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of elevation relative to apixaban serum peak and trough concentration after the co-administration of amiodarone, diltiazem and statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin).

Methods: Patients prescribed apixaban 5mg twice daily for at least one week were identified from the anticoagulation clinic database and contacted for potential enrolment.

Utilizing Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Probiotics are heavily advertised to promote a healthy gastrointestinal tract and boost the immune system. This review article summarizes the history and diversity of probiotics, outlines conventional assays and models, assesses the pharmacologic effects of probiotic and pharmaceutical co-administration, and the broad impact of clinical probiotic utilization for gastrointestinal disease indications.

The Underlying Effects of Celiac Disease and Subsequent Implications on Deployment in the United States Army.

Introduction: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the etiology, pathology, and treatments for celiac disease (CD), as well as to provide context as to how CD impacts the U.S. military.

Visualizing and exploring nonlinear behavior, timescales, and mechanical signatures of human blood.

Background: Human blood is a thixo-elasto-visco-plastic (TEVP) material that exhibits unique fluctuations in mechanical properties based on physiology, and shear rate. We demonstrate new visual tools to help visualize and characterize these varied mechanical properties.

Objective: Our objective is to demonstrate contemporary visual and numerical tools to help visualize and characterize the varied mechanical properties of human blood.

Zinc removal and recovery from industrial wastewater with a microbial fuel cell: Experimental investigation and theoretical prediction.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) that simultaneously remove organic contaminants and recovering metals provide a potential route for industry to adopt clean technologies. In this work, two goals were set: to study the feasibility of zinc removal from industrial effluents using MFCs and to understand the removal process by using reaction rate models. The removal of Zn in MFC was over 96% for synthetic and industrial samples with initial Zn concentrations less than 2.

Mutual Shaping in Swarm Robotics: User Studies in Fire and Rescue, Storage Organization, and Bridge Inspection.

Many real-world applications have been suggested in the swarm robotics literature. However, there is a general lack of understanding of what needs to be done for robot swarms to be useful and trusted by users in reality. This paper aims to investigate user perception of robot swarms in the workplace, and inform design principles for the deployment of future swarms in real-world applications.

Global mid-upper arm circumference cut-offs for adults: a call to action.

Since 2009, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) has become an accepted measure for screening children for acute malnutrition and determining eligibility for services to manage acute malnutrition. Use of MUAC has increased the reach and enhanced the quality of community-based management of acute malnutrition services. Increasingly, MUAC is also used to assess nutritional status and eligibility for nutrition support among adolescents and adults, including pregnant and lactating women and HIV and TB clients.

Association between Malaria Infection and Early Childhood Development Mediated by Anemia in Rural Kenya.

Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age, with most cases occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. Children in this age group in Africa are at greatest risk worldwide for developmental deficits. There are research gaps in quantifying the risks of mild malaria cases, understanding the pathways linking malaria infection and poor child development, and evaluating the impact of malaria on the development of children under five years.

Characteristics of Pica Behavior among Mothers around Lake Victoria, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: Pica, the craving and purposeful consumption of nonfoods, is poorly understood. We described the prevalence of pica among women on Mfangano Island, Kenya, and examined sociodemographic and health correlates. : Our cross-sectional study included 299 pregnant or postpartum women in 2012.

Reminiscence About Physical Activity: A Pilot Study to Reduce Pain in Older Adults.

The aim of the current randomized attention control pilot study was to conduct a preliminary test of a facilitated reminiscence intervention about past physical activity for the effect on increased physical activity and reduced pain in older adults with osteoarthritis. Thirteen older adults were randomized to the facilitated reminiscence or health education group and participated in six individual sessions over 6 weeks. Reminiscence functions, self-reported physical activity, pain intensity, and pain interference with function were measured at baseline and 1 and 3 months postintervention.

Bioelectrochemical treatment and recovery of copper from distillery waste effluents using power and voltage control strategies.

Copper recovery from distillery effluent was studied in a scalable bioelectro-chemical system with approx. 6.8 L total volume.

Updating the modified Thompson test by using whole-body bioluminescence imaging to replace traditional efficacy testing in experimental models of murine malaria.

Background: Rodent malaria models are extensively used to predict treatment outcomes in human infections. There is a constant need to improve and refine these models by innovating ways to apply new scientific findings and cutting edge technologies. In addition, and in accordance with the three R's of animal use in research, in vivo studies should be constantly refined to avoid unnecessary pain and distress to the experimental animals by using preemptive euthanasia as soon as the main scientific study objective has been accomplished.

Evaluation of a social network intervention on child feeding practices and caregiver knowledge.

Food insecurity and poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices contribute to undernutrition. The Kanyakla Nutrition Program was developed in rural Kenya to provide knowledge alongside social support for recommended IYCF practices. Utilizing a social network approach, the Kanyakla Nutrition Program trained community health workers (CHWs) to engage mothers, fathers, and grandparents in nutrition education and discussions about strategies to provide instrumental, emotional, and information support within their community.