Diverged Populations Admixture Bolsters Genetic Diversity of a New Island Dibbler () Population, but Does Not Prevent Subsequent Loss of Genetic Variation.

Translocating individuals from multiple source populations is one way to bolster genetic variation and avoid inbreeding in newly established populations. However, mixing isolated populations, especially from islands, can potentially lead to outbreeding depression and/or assortative mating, which may limit interbreeding between source populations. Here, we investigated genetic consequences of mixing individuals from two island populations of the dibbler () in an island translocation.

Long-term incidence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: analysis of appropriate and inappropriate interventions.

Background: Treatment with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) effectively prevents sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Identifying patients most likely to benefit from a primary prevention ICD remains challenging. We aimed to investigate the long-term incidence of ICD therapy in patients with HCM according to SCD-risk at baseline.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Incident Comorbidities.

Importance: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with chronic medical conditions. Evidence from diverse clinical administrative datasets may improve care delivery.

Objective: To characterize post-TBI risk of incident neuropsychiatric and medical conditions in a California health care system administrative database and validate findings from a Massachusetts dataset.

Clinical Assessment and Factors Influencing Treatment Strategy and Outcomes in Complex Limb Injuries.

Complex limb injuries are high-energy injuries that may threaten limb viability and confer significant morbidity and mortality. Prompt clinical assessment and decision-making are critical to determining the optimal management strategy, i.e.

Locally Delivered Antibiotics in Fracture-Related Infection.

The prevention and treatment of fracture-related infections (FRIs) pose significant challenges in orthopaedic trauma care, with current practices predominantly relying on systemic antibiotic administration. However, locally delivered antibiotics achieve substantially higher tissue concentrations and minimise systemic side effects. Whilst extensively researched in periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), the use of local delivery methods is increasingly prevalent in FRI prevention and treatment.

Unclear Trajectory and Uncertain Benefit: Creating a Lexicon for Clinical Uncertainty in Patients with Critical or Advanced Illness Using a Delphi Consensus Process.

Background: Clinical uncertainty is associated with increased resource utilization, worsened health-related quality of life for patients, and provider burnout, particularly during critical illness. Existing data are limited, because determining uncertainty from notes typically requires manual, qualitative review. We sought to develop a consensus list of descriptors of clinical uncertainty and then, using a thematic analysis approach, describe how respondents consider their use in intensive care unit (ICU) notes, such that future work can extract uncertainty data at scale.

Variation in Mentions of Race and Ethnicity in Notes in Intensive Care Units Across a Health Care System.

Background: Social constructs like race can affect how patients are perceived and impact care. This study investigated whether mentions of race in notes for critically ill patients differed according to patients' race.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included intensive care unit notes for adults (≥18 years old) admitted to any of 6 intensive care units at University of California, San Francisco, from 2012 through 2020.

Patient Selection, Outcome, and Unhappy Patients in Rhinoplasty.

This article discusses the process of patient selection for rhinoplasties and the many different psychological aspects that come into play. It is important to identify the warning signs and apply a multidisciplinary approach to the surgeons practice, in collaboration with specialist rhinoplasty psychologists. Patients' motivations and surgeon factors are also discussed, as this can lead to unhappy and unsatisfactory postoperative outcomes.

"My Mom Is a Fighter": A Qualitative Analysis of the Use of Combat Metaphors in ICU Clinician Notes.

Background: A metaphor conceptualizes one, typically abstract, experience in terms of another, more concrete, experience with the goal of making it easier to understand. Although combat metaphors have been well described in some health contexts, they have not been well characterized in the setting of critical illness.

Research Question: How do clinicians use combat metaphors when describing critically ill patients and families in the electronic health record?

Study Design And Methods: We included notes written about patients aged 18 years or older admitted to ICUs within a large hospital system from 2012 through 2020.

Desiccated Cyanobacteria Serve As Efficient Plasmid DNA Carriers in Space Flight.

Effective transport of biological systems as cargo during space travel is a critical requirement to use synthetic biology and biomanufacturing in outer space. Bioproduction using microbes will drive the extent to which many human needs can be met in environments with limited resources. Vast repositories of biological parts and strains are available to meet this need, but their on-site availability requires effective transport.

Patient Selection, Outcome, and Unhappy Patients in Rhinoplasty.

This article discusses the process of patient selection for rhinoplasties and the many different psychological aspects that come into play. It is important to identify the warning signs and apply a multidisciplinary approach to the surgeons practice, in collaboration with specialist rhinoplasty psychologists. Patients' motivations and surgeon factors are also discussed, as this can lead to unhappy and unsatisfactory postoperative outcomes.

Leveraging electronic health records and knowledge networks for Alzheimer's disease prediction and sex-specific biological insights.

Identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset risk can facilitate interventions before irreversible disease progression. We demonstrate that electronic health records from the University of California, San Francisco, followed by knowledge networks (for example, SPOKE) allow for (1) prediction of AD onset and (2) prioritization of biological hypotheses, and (3) contextualization of sex dimorphism. We trained random forest models and predicted AD onset on a cohort of 749 individuals with AD and 250,545 controls with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.

Measuring Implicit Bias in ICU Notes Using Word-Embedding Neural Network Models.

Background: Language in nonmedical data sets is known to transmit human-like biases when used in natural language processing (NLP) algorithms that can reinforce disparities. It is unclear if NLP algorithms of medical notes could lead to similar transmissions of biases.

Research Question: Can we identify implicit bias in clinical notes, and are biases stable across time and geography?

Study Design And Methods: To determine whether different racial and ethnic descriptors are similar contextually to stigmatizing language in ICU notes and whether these relationships are stable across time and geography, we identified notes on critically ill adults admitted to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), from 2012 through 2022 and to Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital (BIDMC) from 2001 through 2012.

Clinical and exercise professional opinion on designing a postpartum return-to-running training programme: an international Delphi study and consensus statement.

Returning to running postpartum presents challenges such as musculoskeletal pain and pelvic floor dysfunction for some females, but there is little guidance on developing and progressing postpartum training programmes. This study aims to establish expert consensus recommendations on designing and modifying a postpartum return-to-running training programme, highlight costs and access to qualified professionals as potential barriers and discuss clinical, research and sports policy implications.A three-round Delphi survey of clinical and exercise professionals working with postpartum runners was conducted.

Clinical and exercise professional opinion of return-to-running readiness after childbirth: an international Delphi study and consensus statement.

Female athletes have identified a lack of guidance as a barrier to successfully returning to running postpartum, and existing guidelines are vague. Our aim was to define the current practice of determining postpartum run-readiness through a consensus survey of international clinicians and exercise professionals in postpartum exercise to assist clinicians and inform sport policy changes.A three-round Delphi approach was used to gain international consensus from clinicians and exercise professionals on run-readiness postpartum.

An open trial for adults in a residential program for binge eating spectrum disorders.

The current study assessed treatment outcome for 99 adult admissions to a residential program specifically designed for binge eating spectrum disorders (BESD). Participants completed self-report measures at admission, discharge, and 12-month follow-up and were asked to complete blood draws at admission and follow-up. Primary outcomes were eating behaviors; secondary outcomes included comorbid symptoms and physiological variables.

Recommending swimming to people with low back pain: A scoping review.

Background: It is common practice for health professionals to recommend swimming to people with low back pain (LBP) despite limited evidence. The aim of this review was to gain an understanding of the current evidence base supporting the recommendation of swimming to people with LBP.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted searching five electronic databases, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PEDro, PubMed, and SPORTdiscus using the keywords back pain AND swim*.

Outcomes of Concurrent Hiatus Hernia Repair with Different Bariatric Surgery Procedures: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Hiatus hernia (HH) is prevalent among patients with obesity. Concurrent repair is often performed during metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), but a consensus on the safety and effectiveness of concurrent HH repair (HHR) and MBS remains unclear. We performed a systematic review of the safety and effectiveness of concurrent HHR and MBS through the measurement of multiple postoperative outcomes.

Sequence-Defined Conjugated Oligomers in Donor-Acceptor Dyads.

Conjugated macromolecules have a rich history in chemistry, owing to their chemical arrangements that intertwine physical and electronic properties. The continuing study and application of these systems, however, necessitates the development of atomically precise models that bridge the gap between molecules, polymers, and/or their blends. One class of conjugated polymers that have facilitated the advancement of structure-property relationships is discrete, precision oligomers that have remained an outstanding synthetic challenge with only a handful of reported examples.

Assessing the diagnostic yield of achalasia using provocative testing in high-resolution esophageal manometry: Serial diagnostic study.

Background: Chicago Classification v4.0 recommends that if achalasia is demonstrated with single water swallows (SWS); provocative testing is not required. We determine whether provocative testing in patients with suspected achalasia can change manometric findings and reproduce symptoms.

Whole blood cytokine release assays reveal disparity between capillary blood sampling methods.

Introduction: The use of whole blood in rapid cytokine release assays (CRAs) is becoming an established technique for screening immune responses following natural infection or vaccination, especially in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Establishing an accurate capillary blood sampling method to replace the need for venipuncture could make CRAs more accessible. In this study, capillary blood was collected via two different methods alongside traditional venipuncture to investigate whether the method of blood draw affects cytokine quantification when performing CRAs.

: Multispecies Fauna Reconstruction Requires Thinking Outside the Box.

Conservation translocations have become increasingly popular for 'rewilding' areas that have lost their native fauna. These multispecies translocations are complex and need to consider the requirements of each individual species as well as the influence of likely interactions among them. The Dirk Hartog Island National Park Ecological Restoration Project, , aspires to restore ecological function to Western Australia's largest island.

Embedding Physical Activity Guidance During Pregnancy and in Postpartum Care: 'This Mum Moves' Enhances Professional Practice of Midwives and Health Visitors.

Introduction: The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy and after childbirth are well established, yet many health care professionals do not feel well equipped to provide physical activity guidance to these populations. As such, the objectives of this study were to explore the immediate and longer term effects of training on health care professionals' ability to provide physical activity guidance to pregnant women and new mothers (mums).

Methods: Midwives and health visitors from 5 locations in the United Kingdom were provided with training on the Chief Medical Officers' physical activity guidelines for pregnancy and after childbirth (n = 393).