Diffusion tensor imaging of fetal brain: principles, potential and limitations of promising technique.

Human brain development is a complex process that begins in the third week of gestation. During early development, the fetal brain undergoes dynamic morphological changes. These changes result from events such as neurogenesis, neuronal migration, synapse formation, axonal growth and myelination.

Biometric and morphological features on magnetic resonance imaging of fetal bladder in lower urinary tract obstruction: new perspectives for fetal cystoscopy.

Objectives: Incompatibility between currently available fetoscopes and the anatomical constraints of the distended fetal bladder, with the resulting curvature around the bladder neck, account for most technical difficulties during fetal cystoscopy in lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO). The aim of this anatomical study was to assess by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the variation in three bladder angles (bladder-neck angle (BNA), vesicourethral angle (VUA) and angle between bladder dome and posterior urethra (DUA)), according to gestational age (GA), bladder volume and the presence of LUTO.

Methods: From our fetal medicine database, we retrieved for review 46 MRI examinations of male fetuses between 2015 and 2019, including 17 with LUTO, examined at a mean GA of 28.

Prenatally diagnosed periventricular nodular heterotopia: Further delineation of the imaging phenotype and outcome.

Objectives: Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a malformation of cortical development which presents with heterogeneous imaging, neurological phenotype and outcome. There is a paucity of comprehensive description detailing the prenatal diagnosis of PNH. The aim of this study is to report neuroimaging features and correlated outcomes in order to delineate the spectrum of prenatally diagnosed PNH.

Recurrent Hemoperitoneum During Pregnancy in Large Deep Endometriosis Infiltrating the Parametrium.

We present the case of a young woman at 16 weeks' gestation who presented to a peripheral hospital with severe recurrent hemoperitoneum related to severe deep endometriosis infiltrating the left parametrium. She underwent 2 surgical open procedures in emergency, followed by pregnancy loss. Deep endometriosis infiltrated the rectum, the vagina, and the left parametrium, leading to stenosis of the left ureter and advanced destruction of the left kidney.

Performance of prenatal diagnosis in esophageal atresia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of prenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia (EA) and its associated abnormalities.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from a pediatric database of EA managed postnatally in a single center. Prenatal data included ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging parameters including amniotic fluid (AF) volume, stomach visualization, AF biochemistry, and associated malformations.

[Prenatal symptoms and diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases].

Inherited metabolic diseases are mostly due to enzyme deficiency in one of numerous metabolic pathways, leading to absence of a compound downstream from and the accumulation of a compound upstream from the deficient metabolite(s). Diseases of intoxication by proteins (aminoacidopathies, organic acidurias, urea cycle defects) and by sugars (galactosemia, fructosemia) usually do not give prenatal symptoms since mothers protect their fetuses from pathological metabolite accumulation. A well-known exception is hypoplasia of corpus callosum, as is sometimes observed in nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sulfite oxidase deficiency.

[Congenital malformations of the lung, the radiologist's point of view].

Congenital lung malformations include a complex range of developmental abnormalities. Currently, most are diagnosed prenatally or during early childhood. They may, however, be discovered later, incidentally or in connection with non-specific symptoms, sometimes severe.

[Fetal cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Indications, normal and pathological patterns].

Fetal MRI is a specific imaging modality, always performed after a reference ultrasound examination. The decision to perform an MRI-scan must take into account the anxiety constantly generated by the need for this unusual examination during pregnancy. To date, no side-effect associated with 1.

[Eyelid hemangiomas in infants: contribution of MRI].

Objectives: To describe the MR imaging features and patterns of local extension of hemangiomas of the eyelid in correlation with the clinical presentation.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study including 21 MRI (GE, 1.5T, T1 +/- Gadolinium, T2 +/- fat saturation, 3 planes) examinations performed for eyelid hemangiomas with occlusion>50% and/or ocular deviation.