Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Background: Initial arch wires are the first arch wires inserted into fixed appliance at the beginning of orthodontic treatment. With a number of different types of orthodontic arch wires available for initial tooth alignment, it is important to understand which are most efficient and which cause the least amount of root resorption and pain during the initial aligning stage of treatment. This is the third update of a Cochrane review first published in 2010.

"Over-reviewing" of research? An analysis of orthodontic reviews.

Introduction: Research overviews may be undertaken to identify gaps in the literature, evaluate existing systematic reviews (SRs), and summarize evidence. This paper aims to profile overviews that have been conducted in orthodontics and related interventions since 2012 and to evaluate the degree of overlap among these overviews.

Methods: Overviews published between January 1, 2012 and June 20, 2023 were identified using an electronic search involving Google Scholar and PubMed.

Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces.

Background: Without a phase of retention after successful orthodontic treatment, teeth tend to 'relapse', that is, to return to their initial position. Retention is achieved by fitting fixed or removable retainers to provide stability to the teeth while avoiding damage to teeth and gums. Removable retainers can be worn full- or part-time.

A qualitative evaluation of attitudes toward extractions among primary care orthodontists in Great Britain.

Introduction: The need to extract permanent teeth as part of orthodontic treatment has been keenly debated over many decades. Changes in the frequency of extraction have been well documented; however, we continue to lack an understanding of what influences clinicians' decisions regarding extracting permanent teeth.

Methods: Purposive sampling was undertaken to obtain representative views from primary care practitioners across Great Britain with a range of experience representing genders and wide geographic distribution.

Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children.

Background: Crowded teeth develop when there is not enough space in the jaws into which the teeth can erupt. Crowding can affect baby teeth (deciduous dentititon), adult teeth (permanent dentition), or both, and is a common reason for referral to an orthodontist. Crowded teeth can affect a child's self-esteem and quality of life.

Fenfluramine in the successful treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus in a patient with Dravet syndrome.

A 20-year-old woman with Dravet syndrome and multiple prior episodes of status epilepticus presented to our hospital in November 2018 in super-refractory status epilepticus. After 5 weeks of unsuccessful continuous treatment with anesthetics, including pentobarbital and ketamine, we sought and were granted an emergency approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration to administer fenfluramine, an investigational new drug, to this patient. One week of treatment with fenfluramine at 0.

The rationale for orthodontic retention: piecing together the jigsaw.

Retaining teeth in their corrected positions following orthodontic treatment is one of the most challenging aspects of orthodontic practice. Despite much research, the rationale for retention is not entirely clear. Teeth tend to revert to their pre-treatment positions due to periodontal and gingival, soft tissue, occlusal and growth factors.

Pregnancy outcomes of refractory epilepsy patients treated with Brain-responsive neurostimulation.

Objective: To study the pregnancy outcomes, including obstetric complications and fetal outcomes, in pregnant women with epilepsy (WWE) treated with direct brain-responsive neurostimulation (RNS System).

Methods: Retrospective review of obstetric outcomes and fetal outcomes in WWE treated with the RNS System at nine comprehensive epilepsy centers in the United States from 2014-2020. In addition, changes in seizure frequency, anti-seizure medications, and RNS System setting adjustments during pregnancy were investigated.

Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment.

Background: Early dental decay or demineralised lesions (DLs, also known as white spot lesions) can appear on teeth during fixed orthodontic (brace) treatment. Fluoride reduces decay in susceptible individuals, including orthodontic patients. This review compared various forms of topical fluoride to prevent the development of DLs during orthodontic treatment.

Frankel 2 appliance versus the Modified Twin Block appliance for Phase 1 treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents: .

Objective: To compare Phase 1 treatment, using the Frankel 2 (FR2) or the modified Twin Block (MTB), for Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents with respect to: treatment duration, number of appliance breakages, occlusal outcome, and patient and parent perspectives.

Materials And Methods: Sixty participants with a Class II division 1 malocclusion were randomly assigned to either the FR2 or MTB appliance in a two-armed parallel randomized clinical trial with an allocation ratio of 1 to 1. Time to achieve a Class I incisor relationship was the primary outcome.

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement vs composite for orthodontic bonding: A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to compare the incidence of new demineralized lesions and bond failures between 2 groups of participants wearing fixed orthodontic appliances bonded with either light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement or light-cured composite.

Methods: This trial was a multicenter (6 centers: 2 teaching hospitals, 4 specialist orthodontic practices), single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with 2 parallel groups. Patients aged 11 years or older, in the permanent dentition, and about to start fixed orthodontic treatment in these 6 centers were randomly allocated to have either resin-modified glass ionomer cement or light-cured composite for bonding brackets, forward of the first molars.

Extraction of premolars for orthodontic reasons on the decline? A cross-sectional survey of BOS members.

Objective: To obtain the opinion of British Orthodontic Society (BOS) members in relation to possible patterns of prescription of orthodontic extractions over the past 5-10 years and to relate any changes identified to treatment objectives, facial and smile aesthetics, and treatment strategies and adjuncts.

Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire.

Setting: On-line survey of BOS members.

Initial arch wires used in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Background: Initial arch wires are the first arch wires to be inserted into the fixed appliance at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and are used mainly for the alignment of teeth by correcting crowding and rotations. With a number of different types of orthodontic arch wires available for initial tooth alignment, it is important to understand which wire is most efficient, as well as which wires cause least amount of root resorption and pain during the initial aligning stage of treatment. This is an update of the review entitledInitial arch wires for alignment of crooked teeth with fixed orthodontic braces, which was first published in 2010.

Epilepsy surgery in the underserved Hispanic population improves depression, anxiety, and quality of life.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of epilepsy surgery on depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QOL) in a Hispanic, primarily immigrant, Spanish-speaking population with intractable epilepsy (IE).

Methods: Patients with IE from a comprehensive epilepsy treatment center in an urban, public healthcare setting who underwent resective brain surgery between 2008 and 2014 (N=47) and completed presurgical and postsurgical neuropsychological evaluation were retrospectively identified. Presurgical and 1-year postsurgical Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and QOLIE-31 ratings were analyzed as postsurgical outcome measures.

Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets.

Background: Bonding of orthodontic brackets to teeth is important to enable effective and efficient treatment with fixed appliances. The problem is bracket failure during treatment which increases operator chairside time and lengthens treatment time. A prolonged treatment is likely to increase the oral health risks of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances one of which is irreversible enamel decalcification.

Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children.

Background: A Class II division 2 malocclusion is characterised by upper front teeth that are retroclined (tilted toward the roof of the mouth) and an increased overbite (deep overbite), which can cause oral problems and may affect appearance.This problem can be corrected by the use of special dental braces (functional appliances) that move the upper front teeth forward and change the growth of the upper or lower jaws, or both. Most types of functional appliances are removable and this treatment approach does not usually require extraction of any permanent teeth.

Soft tissue changes: a comparison between changes caused by the construction bite and by successful treatment with a modified Twin-block appliance.

Background/objectives: Functional appliances are commonly used to correct Class II malocclusion. This study aimed to compare the facial soft tissue changes in Caucasians between pre-treatment and with the construction bite versus pre-treatment and completion of treatment with a modified Twin-block appliance (MTBA).

Materials And Methods: Fifty-eight Caucasian subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion had 3D stereophotogrammetric images captured pre-treatment (T1), with the construction bite (T2), and on completion of MTBA treatment (T3).

Adult orthodontics in the Republic of Ireland: specialist orthodontists' opinions.

Objectives: To report the opinions of specialist orthodontists regarding the profile, characteristics and treatment of adults currently undergoing orthodontic treatment in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) Design/setting: A national cross-sectional questionnaire study in the ROI.

Method: A pilot-tested questionnaire was distributed to 122 specialist orthodontists in the ROI. Questions addressed general and treatment information for current adult orthodontic patients.

Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children.

Background: A Class II division 2 malocclusion is characterised by upper front teeth that are retroclined (tilted toward the roof of the mouth) and an increased overbite (deep overbite), which can cause oral problems and may affect appearance.This problem can be corrected by the use of special dental braces (functional appliances) that move the upper front teeth forward and change the growth of the upper or lower jaws, or both. Most types of functional appliances braces are removeable and this treatment approach does not usually require extraction of any permanent teeth.

The Weekend Effect on Morbidity and Mortality Among Pediatric Epilepsy Admissions.

Background: Pediatric epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with low mortality and high morbidity, often requiring hospitalization. Weekend admissions have been shown to be associated with worse outcomes compared with their weekday counterparts. To date, no study has assessed the impact of weekend admission on clinical and quality outcomes in the pediatric epilepsy population.

Characterization of electrocorticogram high-gamma signal in response to varying upper extremity movement velocity.

The mechanism by which the human primary motor cortex (M1) encodes upper extremity movement kinematics is not fully understood. For example, human electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals have been shown to modulate with upper extremity movements; however, this relationship has not been explicitly characterized. To address this issue, we recorded high-density ECoG signals from patients undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation as they performed elementary upper extremity movements while systematically varying movement speed and duration.

Potentially preventable complications in epilepsy admissions: The "weekend effect".

Introduction: Epilepsy affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States with frequent hospital admissions accounting for a significant burden on patients and society as a whole. Weekend admissions have generally been found to have poorer outcomes compared to weekday admissions with increased rates of preventable complications, such as nationally identified "hospital-acquired conditions" (HAC).

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of weekend admission on HACs and mortality in the adult epilepsy population.