Estimated rates of progression to tuberculosis disease for persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United States.

Background: In the United States, over 80% of tuberculosis (TB) disease cases are estimated to result from reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) acquired more than 2 years previously ("reactivation TB"). We estimated reactivation TB rates for the US population with LTBI, overall, by age, sex, race-ethnicity, and US-born status, and for selected comorbidities (diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and HIV).

Methods: We collated nationally representative data for 2011-2012.

Large-scale proteomics in the first trimester of pregnancy predict psychopathology and temperament in preschool children: an exploratory study.

Background: Understanding the prenatal origins of children's psychopathology is a fundamental goal in developmental and clinical science. Recent research suggests that inflammation during pregnancy can trigger a cascade of fetal programming changes that contribute to vulnerability for the emergence of psychopathology. Most studies, however, have focused on a handful of proinflammatory cytokines and have not explored a range of prenatal biological pathways that may be involved in increasing postnatal risk for emotional and behavioral difficulties.

The epidemiology of pediatric dry eye disease in the United States: An IRIS® registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) analysis.

Purpose: Dry-eye disease (DED) is a chronic progressive ocular surface disorder with limited studies in the pediatric population. The Academy of Ophthalmology's IRIS® Registry was leveraged to investigate the prevalence of DED in the pediatric population (PDED, patients <18 years old) and the demographic differences of DED between pediatric and adult patients (ADED).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study.

Management of a Flail Chest Caused by Multiple Costosternal Fractures: A Case Report.

Costochondral separation is a rare consequence of blunt thoracic trauma and can lead to life-threatening complications such as a flail chest. The diagnosis of costochondral separation remains challenging due to the obscurity of the condition on chest radiographs. Surgical rib fixation is a viable treatment option and research regarding its effectiveness and long-term benefits is promising but still evolving.

Multi-trait efficiency and interactivity of bacterial consortia used to enhance plant performance under water stress conditions.

Water stress is a major limiting factor for agricultural production under current and projected climate change scenarios. As a sustainable strategy, plant growth-promoting bacterial consortia have been used to reduce plant water stress. However, few studies have examined the effects of stress on multi-trait efficiency and interactivity of bacterial species.

BPAGS: a web application for bacteriocin prediction via feature evaluation using alternating decision tree, genetic algorithm, and linear support vector classifier.

The use of bacteriocins has emerged as a propitious strategy in the development of new drugs to combat antibiotic resistance, given their ability to kill bacteria with both broad and narrow natural spectra. Hence, a compelling requirement arises for a precise and efficient computational model that can accurately predict novel bacteriocins. Machine learning's ability to learn patterns and features from bacteriocin sequences that are difficult to capture using sequence matching-based methods makes it a potentially superior choice for accurate prediction.

A critical threshold of MCM10 is required to maintain genome stability during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into natural killer cells.

Natural killer (NK) cell deficiency (NKD) is a rare disease in which NK cell function is reduced, leaving affected individuals susceptible to repeated viral infections and cancer. Recently, a patient with NKD was identified carrying compound heterozygous variants of (), an essential gene required for DNA replication, that caused a significant decrease in the amount of functional MCM10. NKD in this patient presented as loss of functionally mature late-stage NK cells.

The role of Doctor of Nursing Practice programs' mission, vision, and values statements in the development of students' professional identity: A qualitative study.

Objectives: The effectiveness of university and program mission, vision, and values statements in shaping Doctor in Nursing Practice (DNP) programs' curricula and their students' professional identity is insufficiently understood.

Design: This qualitative research project explored how these statements inform DNP program curricula and contribute to the development of the professional identity of students SETTING: Three DNP programs in the U.S.

Factors associated with the use of botulinum toxin injections for adult strabismus in the IRIS Registry.

This cross-sectional study used data from a large nationwide registry to describe the factors associated with use of botulinum toxin injections for adults with strabismus in the United States. Botulinum toxin injections were performed on 3.1% of adults undergoing an intervention for strabismus between 2013 and 2020.

Risk Minimization in Scale-Up of Biomass and Waste Carbon Upgrading Processes.

Improving the odds and pace of successful biomass and waste carbon utilization technology scale-up is crucial to decarbonizing key industries such as aviation and materials within timelines required to meet global climate goals. In this perspective, we review deficiencies commonly encountered during scale-up to show that many nascent technology developers place too much focus on simply demonstrating that technologies work in progressively larger units ("profit") without expending enough up-front research effort to identify and derisk roadblocks to commercialization (collecting "information") to inform the design of these units. We combine this conclusion with economic and timeline data collected from technology scale-up and piloting operations at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to motivate a more scientific, risk-minimized approach to biomass and waste carbon upgrading scale-up.

Eliciting Risk Perceptions: Does Conditional Question Wording Have a Downside?

Background: To assess the impact of risk perceptions on prevention efforts or behavior change, best practices involve conditional risk measures, which ask people to estimate their risk contingent on a course of action (e.g., "if not vaccinated").

A Comparison of Functional Luminal Imaging Probe With High-resolution Manometry, Timed Barium Esophagram, and pH Impedance Testing to Evaluate Functional Luminal Imaging Probe's Diagnostic Capabilities.

Objective: The aims of this study are to determine the functional luminal imaging probe's (FLIP) diagnostic utility by comparing FLIP measurements with results from other esophageal evaluation standards.

Background: The FLIP is an esophageal evaluation technique performed at the time of endoscopy. Few studies have evaluated FLIP diagnostic capabilities compared with the established testing techniques, including high-resolution manometry (HRIM), time barium esophagram (TBE), and 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring.

Diabetes distress in urban Black youth with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: associations with glycemic control, depression, and health behaviors.

Objectives: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers endorse high diabetes distress (DD). Limited studies have documented the impact of DD on Black youth. The aims of the present study were to (1) describe DD among a sample of Black adolescents with T1D and their caregivers, (2) compare their DD levels with published normative samples, and (3) determine how DD relates to glycemic outcomes, diabetes self-management, parental monitoring of diabetes, and youth depressive symptoms.

Amplitude-determined seizure-threshold, electric field modeling, and electroconvulsive therapy antidepressant and cognitive outcomes.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) pulse amplitude, which dictates the induced electric field (E-field) magnitude in the brain, is presently fixed at 800 or 900 milliamperes (mA) without clinical or scientific rationale. We have previously demonstrated that increased E-field strength improves ECT's antidepressant effect but worsens cognitive outcomes. Amplitude-determined seizure titration may reduce the E-field variability relative to fixed amplitude ECT.

A network analysis of psychopathology in young Black children: Implications for predicting outcomes in adolescence.

Objective: Network analysis may identify specific symptoms involved in the maintenance and development of psychopathology. This approach, however, has not been applied to the study of young Black children, a population facing unique challenges and developmental risks. It is also unclear whether network analysis identifies early symptoms in Black children that are linked to their longer-term difficulties and strengths in adolescence.

Invited Mini Review Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity: Overview and Practice Recommendations.

Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) is defined by undermineralization of the preterm infant skeleton arising from inadequate prenatal and postnatal calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4) accretion. Severe MBDP can be associated with rickets and fractures. Despite advances in neonatal nutrition, MBDP remains prevalent in premature infants due to inadequate mineral accretion ex utero.

Queen-Worker Conflict over Acceptance of Secondary Queens in Eusocial Insects.

AbstractThe coexistence of multiple reproductives in eusocial insects is widespread, yet the decisions leading to additional queen acceptance are not well understood. Unlike in vertebrates, acceptance decisions are likely controlled by the more numerous helper population rather than the parent reproductive. Yet there are likely to be queen-worker differences in acceptance criteria because workers and queens differ in their relatedness to a secondary queen.

Safety and Virologic Impact of Haploidentical NK Cells Plus Interleukin 2 or N-803 in HIV Infection.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are dysfunctional in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as they are not able to clear virus. We hypothesized that an infusion of NK cells, supported by interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-15, could decrease virus-producing cells in the lymphatic tissues.

Methods: We conducted a phase 1 pilot study in 6 persons with HIV (PWH), where a single infusion of haploidentical related donor NK cells was given plus either IL-2 or N-803 (an IL-15 superagonist).

Intraocular Pressure Lowering Associated With Worsening Optic Pit-Like Retinoschisis.

In this article, we present a case of optic pit-like macular retinoschisis in the absence of advanced glaucomatous cupping. Intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering therapy, which was started due to an early concern for glaucoma, caused a worsening of the retinoschisis, which subsequently resolved on discontinuation of the IOP-lowering therapy. Lower IOP likely triggered intraretinal fluid accumulation by facilitating a translaminar gradient from the subarachnoid to intraretinal space.

Short-Stay Units vs Routine Admission From the Emergency Department in Patients With Acute Heart Failure: The SSU-AHF Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: More than 80% of patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with acute heart failure (AHF) are hospitalized. With more than 1 million annual hospitalizations for AHF in the US, safe and effective alternatives are needed. Care for AHF in short-stay units (SSUs) may be safe and more efficient than hospitalization, especially for lower-risk patients, but randomized clinical trial data are lacking.

The impact of emergency medicine residents on clinical productivity.

Context: Faculty productivity is of interest for hospital and university administrators as pressure is placed on them by government and private payors. Further, the effect of trainees on clinical productivity is of personal interest to physicians because their performance evaluations and earning potential are often tied to their productivity. Several groups have utilized creative methodology to study the effect of learners on emergency department (ED) productivity, but they were faced with multiple confounding variables for which it was difficult to adjust.