A mixed-methods observational study of strategies for success in implementation science: overcoming emergency departments hurdles.

Background: Heart failure is a major public health concern, affecting 6.7 million Americans. An estimated 16% of emergency department (ED) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are discharged home.

Early Autonomic Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Article Review on the Impact on Multiple Organ Dysfunction.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition and a leading cause of injury-related disability and death, with significant impacts on patient outcomes. Extracranial organ involvement plays a critical role in the outcome of patients following TBI. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and challenges in diagnosing patients with autonomic dysfunction after TBI.

Immune-Based and Novel Therapies in Variant Histology Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease that represents the most common type of kidney cancer. The classification of RCC is primarily based on distinct morphological and molecular characteristics, with two broad categories: clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC). Clear cell RCC is the predominant subtype, representing about 70-80% of all RCC cases, while non-clear cell subtypes collectively make up the remaining 20-30%.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental tobacco smoke and wood stoves dominate in settled house dust from Northwestern Ontario First Nations communities.

Rates of respiratory tract infections for children living in remote First Nations communities in the Sioux Lookout Zone in Northwestern Ontario are elevated and associated with poor indoor environmental quality including high exposures to endotoxin and serious dampness and mould damage. The studies also revealed a high prevalence of cigarette smoking and most houses have wood stoves, of variable quality. Depending on structure, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are carcinogens, immunotoxins and/or inflammatory mediators that are byproducts of the incomplete combustion of organic materials.

An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States.

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations.

Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene Vesicles.

Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are conjugated polymers that are well known for their colorimetric transition from blue to red with the application of energetic stimulus. Sensing platforms based on polymerized diacetylene surfactant vesicles and other structures have been widely demonstrated for various colorimetric biosensing applications. Although less studied and utilized, the transition also results in a change from a non-fluorescent to a highly fluorescent state, making polydiacetylenes useful for both colorimetric and fluorogenic sensing applications.

Consumer experiences of emergency department pre-triage waiting period: A mixed-methods study.

Background: Emergency department pre-triage waiting periods have received limited attention. We aimed to explore the pre-triage experiences and perspectives of consumers attending emergency departments.

Methods: This mixed-methods cross-sectional study included 92 participants (patients, carers, and guardians) who attended one of three public hospital emergency departments in metropolitan Melbourne (Victoria, Australia).

Human-interpretable clustering of short text using large language models.

Clustering short text is a difficult problem, owing to the low word co-occurrence between short text documents. This work shows that large language models (LLMs) can overcome the limitations of traditional clustering approaches by generating embeddings that capture the semantic nuances of short text. In this study, clusters are found in the embedding space using Gaussian mixture modelling.

Combined Anteversion in Healthy Hips: Should there be a single implant alignment target in total hip arthroplasty?

Background: The ideal anteversion at which the acetabular and femoral components for a total hip arthroplasty (THA) should be implanted is still a subject of debate. One alignment philosophy being explored is restoration of individual constitutional femoral and acetabular anteversion. This study aimed to measure combined anteversion in a healthy hip population and understand the expected phenotypes and ranges for constitutional hip alignment.

CAR-NK cell therapy: a potential antiviral platform.

Viral infections persist as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional therapeutic approaches often fall short in fully eliminating viral infections, primarily due to the emergence of drug resistance. Natural killer (NK) cells, one of the important members of the innate immune system, possess potent immunosurveillance and cytotoxic functions, thereby playing a crucial role in the host's defense against viral infections.

Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA-1273 vaccine booster in adolescents.

Safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of an mRNA-1273 50-μg booster were evaluated in adolescents (12-17 years), with and without pre-booster SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants who had received the 2-dose mRNA-1273 100-µg primary series in the TeenCOVE trial (NCT04649151) were offered the mRNA-1273 50-μg booster. Primary objectives included safety and inference of effectiveness by establishing noninferiority of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses after the booster compared with the nAb post-primary series of mRNA-1273 among young adults in COVE (NCT04470427).

Population genomics of premature termination codons in cavefish with substantial trait loss.

Loss-of-function alleles are a pertinent source of genetic variation with the potential to contribute to adaptation. Cave-adapted organisms exhibit striking loss of ancestral traits such as eyes and pigment, suggesting that loss-of-function alleles may play an outsized role in these systems. Here, we leverage 141 whole genome sequences to evaluate the evolutionary history and adaptive potential of single nucleotide premature termination codons (PTCs) in Mexican tetra.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Updating the kidney donor risk index: Removing donor race and hepatitis C virus status.

This study reports the results of a recalculation of the kidney donor risk index (KDRI) formula requested by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network's Minority Affairs Committee to remove donor race and hepatitis C virus (HCV) status variables. The updated KDRI model was fit on adult, deceased donor, solitary kidney, first-time transplants from 2018 through 2021. Deceased donors from 2018 through 2021 were included in a counterfactual analysis to evaluate how the kidney donor profile index (KDPI) would change if race and HCV seropositivity were excluded.

Ramp sequence may explain synonymous variant association with Alzheimer's disease in the Paired Immunoglobulin-like Type 2 Receptor Alpha ().

Background: Synonymous variant () in the Paired Immunoglobulin-like Type 2 Receptor Alpha () gene was previously associated with decreased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in genome-wide association studies, but its biological impact is largely unknown.

Objective: We hypothesized that decreases mRNA and protein levels by destroying a ramp of slowly translated codons at the 5' end of .

Methods: We assessed predicted effects on through quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

Review of impaired immune parameters in RSV infections in the elderly.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in elderly individuals are associated with increased rates of severe clinical disease and mortality compared to younger adults. Age-associated declines in numerous innate and adaptive immune parameters during RSV infection contribute to infection susceptibility, impaired viral clearance, and distorted cytokine profiles in the elderly. Impaired immune responses in this age group also adversely affect longevity of RSV immunity following vaccination in experimental settings.

Inhibition of prefrontal glutamatergic neuron activity during the recovery period following chronic stress disrupts fear memory in male rats: potential role of the infralimbic cortex.

Chronic stress typically leads to deficits in fear extinction. However, when a delay occurs from the end of chronic stress and the start of fear conditioning (a "recovery"), rats show improved context-cue discrimination, compared to recently stressed rats or nonstressed rats. The infralimbic cortex (IL) is important for fear extinction and undergoes neuronal remodeling after chronic stress ends, which could drive improved context-cue discrimination.

Ocular Injuries and Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of the Literature.

Purpose Of Review: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a leading cause of death and disability across the world. We sought to investigate the prevalence and clinical presentation of ocular injuries in IPV.

Recent Findings: Literature review revealed 16 published studies that evaluated ocular injuries in IPV, of which the study types included 9 retrospective studies, 2 prospective, 1 review, 1 invited commentary, 2 case reports, and 1 population-based cross-sectional survey.

Mode of Delivery and Subsequent Motor Function in Children With Myelomeningocele Without In Utero Repair.

Objective: To assess the association between mode of delivery and 2-year motor function in children with prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele.

Methods: A multisite retrospective cohort study of children with myelomeningocele across 14 NAFTNet (North American Fetal Therapy Network) centers born between 2007 and 2020 who had a physical examination available at 2 years of life. Exclusion criteria were in utero myelomeningocele repair, postnatal myelomeningocele diagnosis, missing data on fetal presentation at delivery, and contraindications to labor.

Prostaglandin D2 delays CD8+ T-cell responses and respiratory syncytial virus clearance in geriatric cotton rats.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with increased rates of severe disease, hospitalization, and death in elderly individuals. Clearance of RSV is frequently delayed within this demographic, contributing to the more severe disease course. Geriatric cotton rats mimic this prolonged clearance kinetic and serve as a useful animal model for studying age-associated immunological deficits during RSV infection.