Job Demands and Resources Shape the Risk of Burnout in Italian Child Neuropsychiatrists.

To evaluate the influence of job demands and resources on burnout risk among Italian pediatric neuropsychiatrists. This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2023 and February 2024 and involved Italian pediatric neuropsychiatrists. The study applied the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to assess the impact of job demands (such as work-family conflict, time pressure, and job uncertainty) and job resources (like organizational support and perceived job meaning) on burnout.

Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review.

Background: Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children.

Methods: We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children.

Aripiprazole augmentation in 39 adolescents with medication-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The aim of this study was to assess efficacy of aripiprazole augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) treatment in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who did not respond to 2 initial trials with SRI monotherapy. A consecutive series of 39 adolescents (28 males and 11 females; age range, 12 to 18 years; mean age, 14.6 ± 1.

Pharmacological response in juvenile bipolar disorder subtypes: A naturalistic retrospective examination.

This study reports on the naturalistic pharmacotherapy of 266 youths with bipolar disorder (BP), manic or hypomanic episode (158 males and 108 females, 13.8+/-2.8 years), first treated with monotherapy on valproic acid (VPA) (n=158, 59.

A naturalistic exploratory study of the impact of demographic, phenotypic and comorbid features in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Few studies have examined the impact of gender, age at onset, phenotype and comorbidity in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children. In this naturalistic study we consider these characteristics of OCD in the framework of the 4 OCD phenotypes (contamination/cleaning, order/symmetry, obsessions/checking and hoarding) proposed by Leckman et al.

Sampling And Methods: A consecutive series of 257 patients aged 13.

Aripiprazole monotherapy in children and young adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders: a retrospective study.

Background: Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) are severe psychiatric disorders characterized by impairment in social interactions, in verbal and non-verbal communication, and by restricted and stereotyped patterns of interest and behaviour, with onset in the first 3 years of life. The appropriate use of pharmacotherapy can improve some aberrant symptoms and behaviours and increase the person's response to non-pharmacological interventions.

Objective: To describe clinical outcomes, or symptom changes, and adverse effects during naturalistic treatment with aripiprazole monotherapy in children with PDDs and severe behavioural disorders (such as aggression against self and/or others, hostility, hyperactivity, severe impulsiveness).

Pharmacotherapy in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a naturalistic, retrospective study.

Background: Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can cause substantial impairment in academic, social and family functioning. Even though cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment, the pharmacological option has to be taken into consideration. Effectiveness of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) has been supported by several double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.

Effectiveness of lithium in children and adolescents with conduct disorder: a retrospective naturalistic study.

Background: The most severe forms of conduct disorder (CD) are disabling conditions, often resistant to treatment and likely to evolve into antisocial behaviours. Mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics are often used to treat severe cases of CD, as are antidepressants and psychostimulants less frequently, despite a relative lack of efficacy data. Use of lithium in hospitalized children and adolescents with CD has been evaluated in a small number of studies.

Comorbidity of conduct disorder and bipolar disorder in clinically referred children and adolescents.

Objective: The co-occurrence of conduct disorder (CD) and bipolar disorder (BD) has been frequently reported in referred children and adolescents. We address the implications of this comorbidity in a naturalistic sample of youths with BD, CD, and CD+BD.

Methods: The sample consisted of 307 patients (216 males and 91 females, age range 8-18 years, mean age 13.

Conduct disorder in referred children and adolescents: clinical and therapeutic issues.

Objective: Studies on referred children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) have relevant implications for prevention and treatment. We addressed this issue in a large sample of youths with CD, considering age at onset, sex, and response to treatments as variables.

Methods: The sample consisted of 198 patients (153 males and 45 females; age range, 8-18 years; mean age, 13.

Clinical implications of DSM-IV subtyping of bipolar disorders in referred children and adolescents.

Objective: According to DSM-IV, bipolar disorders (BDs) include four subtypes, BD I, BD II, cyclothymic disorder, and BD not otherwise specified (NOS). We explore the clinical implications of this subtyping in a naturalistic sample of referred youths with BD I, BD II, and BD-NOS.

Method: The sample consisted of 217 patients, 135 males and 82 females, ages between 8 and 18 years (mean age, 13.

Bipolar co-morbidity in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical and treatment implications.

This paper reports on implications of bipolar disorder (BD) co-morbidity in 120 children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (84 males, 36 females, age 13.7 +/- 2.8 years), diagnosed using a clinical interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria, and naturalistically followed-up for 12 +/- 6 months.

Clinical and research implications of panic-bipolar comorbidity in children and adolescents.

A substantial portion of patients with juvenile bipolar disorder (BD) have a comorbid panic disorder (PD). The aim of our study was to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal implications of such comorbidity in children and adolescents with BD. The sample comprised 224 referred children and adolescents with BD, 140 males (62.

Developmental differences according to age at onset in juvenile bipolar disorder.

Background: This study on a large sample of unselected, consecutive children and adolescents referred to a third-level hospital who received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) was aimed at exploring whether childhood-onset BD, as compared with adolescent-onset BD, presents specific clinical features in terms of severity, functional impairment, course, prevalent mood, pattern of co-morbidity, and treatment outcome.

Methods: A total of 136 patients, 81 males (59.6%) and 55 females (40.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- bipolar comorbidity in children and adolescents.

Objective: A substantial portion of juvenile bipolar disorder (BD) has a comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of our study was to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal implications of such comorbidity in children and adolescents with BD.

Methods: Ninety-eight refereed patients (mean age 13.

Pharmacological treatment options for panic disorder in children and adolescents.

Although panic disorder usually emerges in early to middle adulthood, adults with panic disorder often retrospectively report that their panic symptoms began in childhood or early adolescence. The majority of these juvenile cases are being misdiagnosed, and/or do not come to clinical attention. Awareness of early-onset panic disorder, as well as a more precise definition of early signs and possible clinical subtypes, can favour timely diagnosis and treatment, reduce clinical impairment and improve the prognosis of these patients.

Olanzapine treatment in adolescents with severe conduct disorder.

The most severe forms of conduct disorder (CD) are highly stable and disabling disorders, more likely to persist in time and to evolve into disruptive or antisocial behaviors. One crucial issue in the prognosis of these forms of CD is the high resistance to both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments, with antipsychotic drugs being frequently used in refractory cases. Aim of this study was: (1) to explore efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine treatment in adolescents with severe CD; (2) to identify predictors of olanzapine treatment outcome.

The clinical phenotypes of juvenile bipolar disorder: toward a validation of the episodic-chronic-distinction.

Background: Recent research has addressed the issue of subtyping juvenile bipolar disorder (JBD). Accordingly, we set out to find out, in a naturalistic sample of bipolar children and adolescents with mania and mixed mania, whether the most useful subtyping should be based on clinical features (elated vs. irritable) or course (episodic vs.

Predictors of treatment nonresponse in bipolar children and adolescents with manic or mixed episodes.

Even though juvenile bipolar disorder (BD) is reported to be more treatment-resistant than adult BD, predictors of nonresponse are not well studied. The aim of this study was to address this issue in a naturalistic sample of bipolar children and adolescents with manic or mixed episodes treated under the condition of routine clinical practice. This study was comprised of 40 patients (19 females and 21 males; mean age, 14.

Generalized anxiety disorder in referred children and adolescents.

Objective: There are insufficient data on generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. Symptoms and comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder are described as a function of age, gender, and comorbidity in a consecutive series of referred children and adolescents.

Method: One hundred fifty-seven outpatients (97 males and 60 females, 50 children and 107 adolescents, age range 7-18 years, mean age 13.

Obsessive-compulsive bipolar comorbidity: focus on children and adolescents.

Background: Growing evidence documents the frequent co-morbidity between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Bipolar Disorder (BP) in adults. The aim of the present study is to explore some clinical aspects of this interface in children and adolescents, as it appears in a setting of routine clinical practice.

Method: The sample comprised 102 consecutively referred children and adolescents, both inpatients and outpatients, with BP, OCD or co-morbid BP-OCD during a 3-year period.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood and adolescence.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric condition during childhood and adolescence, which continues to be underestimated and undertreated. For these reasons, it constitutes a primary cause of major disabilities in those ages and, sometimes, of permanent impairments later on. In these last few years, childhood and adolescence OCD has attracted an increasing focus which has promoted a deeper awareness of this illness, a better recognition with earlier interventions, as well as the set-up of more tailored and specific strategies, including psychotropic drugs.

Externalizing disorders in consecutively referred children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.

We describe a consecutive clinical sample of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD), in order to define the pattern of comorbid externalizing disorders and to explore the possible influence of such a comorbidity on their cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical characteristics. The sample consisted of 59 bipolar patients: 35 males and 24 females, with a mean age 14.6 +/- 3 years (range, 7 to 18 years), diagnosed as either type I or II according to DSM-IV.