Use of Antifreeze Protein from (TmAFP) in Vitrification of -Produced Bovine Embryos: An Ultrastructural Study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of antifreeze protein (AFP) extracted from the larva of the beetle, (AFP), on vitrification of -produced bovine embryos. -produced blastocysts were divided into three experimental groups and vitrified using a cryotop. AFP was added to the equilibrium solution (ES) and vitrification solution (VS) at a concentration of 0 ng/mL (control), 500 ng/mL (500AFP), or 1000 ng/mL (1000AFP).