Flexible ureteroscopy in extreme elderly patients (80 years of age and older) is feasible and safe.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of RIRS in patients ≥ 80 years to a younger population.

Methods: We retrospectively compared the data from patients ≥ 80 years of age undergoing RIRS with the data of a group of patients from 18 and < 80 years. Perioperative outcomes, complications and emergency department visits were compared between two groups.

The relationship between calcium oxalate lithiasis and chronic proinflammatory intestinal dysbiosis pattern: a prospective study.

The objective is to establish whether a pattern of intestinal dysbiosis exists in calcium oxalate (CaOx) lithiasis and, if so, to identify its characteristics and explore whether there are differences in the pattern between CaOx dihydrate (COD) and monohydrate (COM) lithiasis. With this aim 24 patients diagnosed with CaOx lithiasis by means of optical microscopy and spectrometry were prospectively recruited. Faecal analysis was carried out by means of RT-PCR 16S rRNA assay and agar plate culture according to the methodology proposed by the Institute of Microecology (Herborn, Germany).

Simultaneous and synchronous bilateral endoscopic treatment of urolithiasis: a multicentric study.

Introduction: The general prevalence of bilateral urolithiasis has risen to 15% and bilateral non-simultaneous treatment has been reported to have good outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of simultaneous bilateral endoscopic surgery (SBES).

Material And Methods: An international multicenter analysis was performed between May 2015 and December 2017.

Simple Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in Stone Disease: Not Always Simple.

Objectives: Simple nephrectomy is performed for a benign pathology that does not require the excision of either the adrenal gland or any adenopathies. When it is carried out in cases of stone disease, however, it is frequently not a "simple" technique owing to the presence of significant inflammation and infection.

Methods: Ninety-six simple laparoscopic nephrectomies performed because of stone disease between 2006 and 2015 were retrospectively studied.

Corinebacterium urealyticum: increased incidence of infection and encrusted uropathy.

Introduction: Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU) affects patients who are immunosuppressed, chronically ill or have undergone numerous operations. Obstructive uropathy (OU) is a complication of infection.

Study Objective: To demonstrate the growing increase in cases of infection by CU and OU in the past 5 years.

International Collaboration in Endourology: Multicenter Evaluation of Prestenting for Ureterorenoscopy.

Introduction: Semirigid and flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS) procedures are safe and efficient treatment options for urolithiasis of all localizations. Sometimes, a Double-J stent is placed in preparation of definitive treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of prestenting on the outcome of URS.

Implications of vitamin D deficiency in lithiasic patient and in general population.

Context And Objective: Vitamin D deficiency causes problems in mineral metabolism but also overall health. In first place a review of the topic was carried out. Then, in order to contextualize it in lithiasic patient, a study on Vitamin D deficiency and its possible relationship with impaired PTH levels is performed.

The Spanish linguistic validation of the ureteral stent symptom questionnaire.

Background And Purpose: Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ) is an intervention-specific health-related quality-of-life (HrQoL) measure. We describe development and validation of the Spanish version.

Materials And Methods: We followed established methods to develop the Spanish version of the original USSQ.

[Why and how we must analyse urinary calculi].

Context: There is heterogeneity of criteria on the utility of urinary stone analysis as well as on which is the most suitable methodology. This review presents the analysis of the lithiasis using the morphoconstitutional analysis technique based on the combination of the stereoscopic microscopy (SM) with infrared study (IRS).

Summary Of The Evidence: There are many techniques to analyze the stone: chemical analysis, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, SM and IRS.

[Spanish bottled and tap water analysis and their relation with urinary lithiasis].

Objective: To perform a chemical analysis of all the available waters in Spain with the idea of offering consume recommendations to lithiasic patients.

Material And Methods: Information research of the chemical composition of Spanish tap and bottled water in publications, supermarkets and Internet. A descriptive study, and a correlation study between water components by means of Pearson test were performed.

[The Open Access Initiative (OAI) in the scientific literature].

According to the declaration of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (OAI) is defined as a editorial model in which access to scientific journal literature and his use are free. Free flow of information allowed by Internet has been the basis of this initiative. The Bethesda and the Berlin declarations, supported by some international agencies, proposes to require researchers to deposit copies of all articles published in a self-archive or an Open Access repository, and encourage researchers to publish their research papers in journals Open Access.

Small renal masses: incidental diagnosis, clinical symptoms, and prognostic factors.

Introduction. The small renal masses (SRMs) have increased over the past two decades due to more liberal use of imaging techniques. SRMs have allowed discussions regarding their prognostic, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach.

[The cystic component in the renal cancer: conceptual overiew].

The renal cancer (RC) cystic component is on the radiological tests and could be consolidate with pathological analysis. The concepts "cystic renal cancer" or "cystic renal tumor" contain a group of entities range from cystic grown pattern RCs to pseudocystic tumors as well as cystic renal diseases coinciding with the RC. The CR and the cystic renal diseases have a great variety to sorts of presentations, giving different ways of radiological images, blending solid and cystic areas.

[Incidence and prevalence of published studies about urolithiasis in Spain. A review].

Introduction: San Antonio, Somacarrera (1977) and Rousaud-Inmark (1984) studies established the first data of incidence and prevalence about urolithiasis in Spain. Other regional or national epidemiologic details were given for several authors from 1977 to 2002.

Material And Method: Sixteen papers with original data about incidence or prevalence have been selected, 5 of them are about incidence, 8 about prevalence and 3 include both.

[History of robotics: from archytas of tarentum until Da Vinci robot. (Part II)].

Robotic surgery is a reality. In order to to understand how new robots work is interesting to know the history of ancient (see part i) and modern robotics. The desire to design automatic machines imitating humans continued for more than 4000 years.

[History of robotics: from Archytas of Tarentum until da Vinci robot. (Part I)].

Robotic surgery is the newst technologic option in urology. To understand how new robots work is interesting to know their history. The desire to design machines imitating humans continued for more than 4000 years.