Reprioritizing motivations in addiction.

Drugs of abuse alter neuronal signaling.

The role of impulsivity in the relationship between affect and alcohol consumption in young adults.

Background: Theoretical models of alcohol use posit that individuals consume alcohol to ameliorate negative affect or to heighten positive affect. It is important, however, to consider the influence of factors that may determine an individual's tendency to consume excessive amounts of alcohol under positive and negative circumstances. Thus, the current study examined a large sample of young adults to clarify whether positive and negative affect predict total alcohol consumption on drinking days and whether facets of impulsivity moderate these relationships.

Prospective evaluation of acute cerebral injury by DW-MRI following transcarotid artery revascularization using a double-layer micromesh stent.

Background: Transcervical carotid artery revascularization (TCAR) has demonstrated a low overall stroke rate in carotid artery stenting (CAS). Furthermore, the use of a double-layer micromesh stent is expected to reduce embolization and plaque prolapse. The combination of TCAR and the double layer stent may lead to improved results compared to previously reported outcomes.

Encouraging willingness to try insect foods with a utility-value intervention.

Despite the benefits of eating insects (entomophagy), Western society is often inclined to reject this practice based on initial reactions of disgust. It is suggested there is potential to overcome this attitude through increasing interest and gaining knowledge of the benefits. One way to accomplish this is through an adapted utility-value intervention, traditionally applied in education research, to increase interest and perceived value in a topic.

Development and validation of predictive models for unplanned hospitalization in the Basque Country: analyzing the variability of non-deterministic algorithms.

Background: The progressive ageing in developed countries entails an increase in multimorbidity. Population-wide predictive models for adverse health outcomes are crucial to address these growing healthcare needs. The main objective of this study is to develop and validate a population-based prognostic model to predict the probability of unplanned hospitalization in the Basque Country, through comparing the performance of a logistic regression model and three families of machine learning models.

Numerical simulations of confined Brownian-yet-non-Gaussian motion.

Brownian motion is a central scientific paradigm. Recently, due to increasing efforts and interests towards miniaturization and small-scale physics or biology, the effects of confinement on such a motion have become a key topic of investigation. Essentially, when confined near a wall, a particle moves much slower than in the bulk due to friction at the boundaries.

Pathways to the persistence of drug use despite its adverse consequences.

The persistence of drug taking despite its adverse consequences plays a central role in the presentation, diagnosis, and impacts of addiction. Eventual recognition and appraisal of these adverse consequences is central to decisions to reduce or cease use. However, the most appropriate ways of conceptualizing persistence in the face of adverse consequences remain unclear.

Non-Gaussian Diffusion Near Surfaces.

We study the diffusion of particles confined close to a single wall and in double-wall planar channel geometries where the local diffusivities depend on the distance to the boundaries. Displacement parallel to the walls is Brownian as characterized by its variance, but it is non-Gaussian having a nonzero fourth cumulant. Establishing a link with Taylor dispersion, we calculate the fourth cumulant and the tails of the displacement distribution for general diffusivity tensors along with potentials generated by either the walls or externally, for instance, gravity.

'Raising the Pulse': The environmental, nutritional and health benefits of pulse-enhanced foods.

Diet is a key modulator of non-communicable diseases, and food production represents a major cause of environmental degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, 'nudging' people to make better food choices is challenging, as factors including affordability, convenience and taste often take priority over the achievement of health and environmental benefits. The overall 'Raising the Pulse' project aim is to bring about a step change in the nutritional value of the UK consumers' diet, and to do so in a way that leads to improved health and greater sustainability within the UK food system.

Cancer epidemiology in Cali, 60 years of experience.

Background: The population-based Cancer Registry of Cali Colombia operates continuously since 1962, disseminating incidence information in the XI volumes of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents.

Aim: To describe the incidence and mortality rates for the period 2011-2020 and the changes in the trend of incidence rates (1962-2017) and mortality rates from cancer (1986-2020).

Methods: The Joinpoint model and the annual percentage change (APC) were used as summary measures of the changes in the trends of incidence rates (ASR-I) and mortality (ASR-M) standardized by age with the direct method.

Can we enhance the clinical efficacy of cognitive and psychological approaches to treat substance use disorders through understanding their neurobiological mechanisms?

Despite decades of research in the field of addiction, relapse rates for substance use disorders remain high. Consequently, there has been growing focus on providing evidence-based treatments for substance use disorders, resulting in the increased development and use of cognitive and psychological interventions. Such treatment approaches, including contingency management, community-reinforcement approach, and cognitive bias modification, have shown promising clinical efficacy in reducing substance use and promoting abstinence during treatment.

A Corticothalamic Circuit Trades off Speed for Safety during Decision-Making under Motivational Conflict.

Decisions to act while pursuing goals in the presence of danger must be made quickly but safely. Premature decisions risk injury or death, whereas postponing decisions risk goal loss. Here we show how mice resolve these competing demands.

Curious to eat insects? Curiosity as a Key Predictor of Willingness to try novel food.

Entomophagy - the consumption of insects - is often rejected by Western society despite its benefits over traditional animal-based proteins. While several factors have been identified as potential predictors of people's willingness to try insect foods, this study introduced an under-explored factor: curiosity, which is a powerful motivator of behaviour that can overcome negative emotions and motivate us to seek new experiences. In two experiments (Ns = 240 and 248), participants (all UK residents, 99.

Phenomenology of the heating, melting and diffusion processes in Au nanoparticles.

The paper reports the results of a molecular dynamics study of the heating and melting process of nanoparticles with 1985 to 84 703 atoms. Building on a previous study by the present authors [Bertoldi, et al., J.

Mortality from respiratory infections and chronic non-communicable diseases before the COVID-19 pandemic in Cali, Colombia.

Introduction: The COVID-19 disease pandemic is a health emergency. Older people and those with chronic noncommunicable diseases are more likely to develop serious illnesses, require ventilatory support, and die from complications.

Objective: To establish deaths from respiratory infections and some chronic non-communicable diseases that occurred in Cali, before the SARS-CoV-2 disease pandemic.

Methanol Synthesis from CO: A Review of the Latest Developments in Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Technological approaches which enable the effective utilization of CO for manufacturing value-added chemicals and fuels can help to solve environmental problems derived from large CO emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels. One of the most interesting products that can be synthesized from CO is methanol, since it is an industrial commodity used in several chemical products and also an efficient transportation fuel. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the development of heterogeneous catalysts and processes for the direct hydrogenation of CO to methanol.

Traditional Processed Meat Products Re-designed Towards Inulin-rich Functional Foods Reduce Polyps in Two Colorectal Cancer Animal Models.

Inulin-rich foods exert a prebiotic effect, as this polysaccharide is able to enhance beneficial colon microbiota populations, giving rise to the in situ production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionic and butyric acids. These SCFAs are potent preventive agents against colorectal cancer due to their histone deacetylases inhibitory properties, which induce apoptosis in tumor colonocytes. As colorectal cancer is the fourth most common neoplasia in Europe with 28.

Cannabidiol induces antioxidant pathways in keratinocytes by targeting BACH1.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid that attracted a great attention for its therapeutic potential against different pathologies including skin diseases. However, although the efficacy in preclinical models and the clinical benefits of CBD in humans have been extensively demonstrated, the molecular mechanism(s) and targets responsible for these effects are as yet unknown. Herein we characterized at the molecular level the effects of CBD on primary human keratinocytes using a combination of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS).

Data on TGA of precursors and SEM of reduced Cu/ZnO catalysts co-modified with aluminium and gallium for methanol synthesis.

The modification of Cu-Zn catalysts with low amount of Al and Ga (Al+Ga = 3%) was investigated and data corresponding to its influence on the decomposition of the calcined precursors and on the nanomorphology and surface concentration of reduced catalysts were presented in this contribution. The data presented here are supplementary material of the catalysts presented in the [1]

Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in the implementation of the Basque programme for multimorbid patients.

Background: The aim of our study was to increase awareness of the relevance of the implemented programmes to inequity of access and inequality of health by analyzing the impact of a patient-centred strategy for multimorbid patients.

Methods: This retrospective study compared the 2014 multimorbid patient group (intervention group) with its 2012 analogue (control group), before the Department of Health of the Basque Country launched the strategy for managing disease chronicity. Inequalities in healthcare access were represented by differences in the inclusion of patients in the programme and in contacts with primary care (PC) services by gender and socioeconomic status (measured by deprivation index by census track).

Bouncing window for colliding nanoparticles: Role of dislocation generation.

Available macroscopic theories-such as the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model-predict spherical particles to stick to each other at small collision velocities v; above the bouncing velocity, v_{b}, they bounce. We study the details of the bouncing threshold using molecular dynamics simulation for crystalline nanoparticles where atoms interact via the Lennard-Jones potential. We show that the bouncing velocity strongly depends on the nanoparticle orientation during collision; for some orientations, nanoparticles stick at all velocities.

Identification of a Strigoterpenoid with Dual Nrf2 and Nf-κB Modulatory Activity.

The sesquiterpene-coumarin ether samarcandone provided a suitable framework to replace the apocarotenoid A-C ring system of strigol (), replicating, after linking to a butenolide moiety, the activity of the natural phytohormone on Nrf2 and also showing potent NF-kB inhibitory activity, overall modulating two critical pathways of inflammation and cancer.

The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders.

The skin is the largest organ of the body and has a complex and very active structure that contributes to homeostasis and provides the first line defense against injury and infection. In the past few years it has become evident that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a relevant role in healthy and diseased skin. Specifically, we review how the dysregulation of ECS has been associated to dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma and skin cancer.

Cross-national health care database utilization between Spain and France: results from the EPICHRONIC study assessing the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: The EPICHRONIC (EPIdemiology of CHRONIC diseases) project investigated the possibility of developing common procedures for French and Spanish electronic health care databases to enable large-scale pharmacoepidemiological studies on chronic diseases. A feasibility study assessed the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Navarre and the Basque Country (Spain) and the Midi-Pyrénées region (France).

Patients And Methods: We described and compared database structures and the availability of hospital, outpatient, and drug-dispensing data from 5.