Provision of paediatric and adolescent gynaecology in Europe today: A joint review by the European Association of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (EURAPAG) and European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG).

Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (PAG) is a multidisciplinary field combining aspects of gynaecology but also includes paediatrics, endocrinology, genetics, radiology, psychology and urology. Specialist knowledge is warranted for the care of these youngsters, and it is important that doctors attending to the gynaecological needs of children must understand that they are not just "little women". Their needs and accompanying clinical approaches required are very different from those of adults in this sensitive area, as is the spectrum of diseases and problems.

New Territory for an Old Disease: 5-Alpha-Reductase Type 2 Deficiency in Bulgaria.

Disorders/differences of sexual development (DSD) are a group of conditions, some of which can be clinically indistinguishable mainly due to their phenotypic variability. Defining the molecular basis of their wide spectrum is still in progress. The diagnosis of 5-alpha-reductase type 2 (5α-reductase-2) deficiency is difficult especially in newborns and pre-pubertal individuals, and as a result its frequency might be underestimated.

A Novel SRY Gene Mutation p.F109L in a 46,XY Female with Complete Gonadal Dysgenesis.

46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) is a disorder of sexual development that can result from different mutations in genes associated with sex determination. Patients are phenotypically females, and the disease is often diagnosed in late adolescence because of delayed puberty. Here, we present the clinical and molecular data of a 46,XY female CGD patient with gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma and incidentally found inherited thrombophilia.

Leptin levels and adipose tissue percentage in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The main purpose of the research is to compare serum leptin (Lep) levels and adipose tissue percentage in adolescents diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and those in healthy subjects. The results showed a greater percentage of patients with increased adipose tissue and significantly higher serum Lep levels in the PCOS group compared to the healthy controls. It was proved that there is a correlation between Lep and body mass index, body adipose tissue, waist circumference and HOMA index.