Glutaminolysis promotes the function of follicular helper T cells in lupus-prone mice.

Glutamine metabolism is essential for T cell activation and functions. The inhibition of glutaminolysis impairs Th17 cell differentiation and alters Th1 cell functions. There is evidence for an active glutaminolysis in the immune cells of lupus patients.

Chemical approaches for the biomass valorisation: a comprehensive review of pretreatment strategies.

The most abundant natural renewable resource in the world, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), has the potential to be exploited as a substitute green feedstock for the synthesis of various chemicals, materials, and biofuels. The annual global production of 13 billion tonnes of LCB offers an opportunity to cater to the increasing energy and materials requirement of process industries and also restricts the discharge of greenhouse gases. Although LCB is enriched with valuable ingredients such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, its recalcitrant nature limits its efficient utilisation.

Paediatric ureterolithotripsy: Tips and tricks - Experience at a single center.

Background: Paediatric stone disease is very common in certain regions of India. Traditionally, the endourology for the stones even in paediatric age group is managed by adult urologist and paediatric surgeons tend to do open surgeries. The nonavailability of paediatric size equipments and lack of training at the teaching and tertiary care paediatric surgical centers in India are factors due to which there is continued apathy of paediatric surgeons to endourology.

Lateral cleft lip and macrostomia: Case report and review of the literature.

Lateral clefts are rare in occurrence. The lateral cleft is cause by failure of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular dermatomes. It is also associated with preaurical tags.

Orchidopexy san ligation technique of orchidopexy.

Pediatric hernia surgery is the most common operation done by pediatric general surgeons and it is a core competency for general surgeons in the developing world. Herniotomy is performed for the surgical repair of hernia and along with orchiopexy for the closure of associated patent processus vaginalis. Traditionally, ligation of hernial sac during orchiopexy is considered mandatory to prevent postoperative development of hernia.

Acute gastric volvulus in operated cases of tracheoesophageal fistula.

A report of two neonates of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula who had acute gastric volvulus in the postoperative period and required gastropexy after correction of the volvulus. Such postoperative complication has not been reported in the literature so far.

Neonatal carrier: An easy to make alternative device to costly transport chambers.

The transport of sick neonates to the surgical centers or transportation within the center is an essential requirement of neonatal surgery. Neonatal transport incubators are costly, space occupying, and are not available at many places in the developing countries. We report here a cheap yet effective and easy to make, alternate neonatal carrier device.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome and anal canal stenosis: case report and review of literature.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) is a characteristic syndrome in which the mullerian structures are absent or rudimentary. It is also associated with anomalies of the genitourinary and skeletal systems. There are very few cases reported regarding its association with anorectal malformations, particularly perineal fistulas.

Congenital pouch colon with rectal atresia: a case report.

The association of congenital pouch colon with rectal atresia is quite rare with only 2 cases previously reported in literature. We describe the third such case and the second instance to survive. Although the prior survivor was managed by a single-stage procedure, we successfully managed our case by staged procedures.

A radiolucent lesion crossing the midline in maxilla: a rare presentation of odontogenic keratocyst in young patient.

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental non-inflammatory odontogenic cyst which is proposed to be arising from cell rests of dental lamina. Among the jaw cysts OKCs account for third most common following radicular and dentigerous cyst. Most of the studies have stated that posterior part of the mandible is the most common site, but there are inconsistencies regarding the prominent location of OKCs in the maxilla.

Minimal access surgery for multiorgan hydatid cysts.

Multiorgan hydatid cysts caused by larval growth of Echinococcus granulosus, is a rare condition in paediatric age group. There are very few reports of management of multiorgan hydatid cysts, involving lung, liver, and spleen by minimally invasive approach in paediatric age group. Herewith, we are reporting a case of hydatid cysts involving lung, liver, and spleen in a six-year-old child managed by minimally invasive surgery along with the review of literature.

Gastric volvulus in children: experience of 6 years at a tertiary care centre.

Background: The aim of the study was to review the cases of all children who had gastric volvulus from 2002 to 2007 at a tertiary care centre in India and to compare the outcome of management with the reported series on gastric volvulus in a paediatric age group.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of eight children with an age range between 10 days and 2 years who were managed for gastric volvulus between 2002 and 2007. The records of these patients were reviewed for clinical features, investigations, management and outcome.

Measuring the effects of massage on exercise performance and cardiopulmonary response in children with and without heart disease: a pilot study.

Background: Congenital heart disease, a common and serious birth defect, affects 8 per 1000 live-born infants. Decreased exercise capacity and development of obesity is common in this population. These children may benefit from therapies, such as massage therapy, that could enhance cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function when they exercise.

Renal dysplasia with single system ectopic ureter: Diagnosis using magnetic resonance urography and management with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in pediatric age.

Single system ureteral ectopia and associated congenital dysplastic kidney is surgically curable etiology of incontinence with other wise normal pattern of voiding in female child. We share our experience of eight cases in last one year and its management with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy at a tertiary care hospital in India which is one of the largest series in such a short duration of this rare anomaly. Materials and Methods : Patients presented with clinical features of continence with otherwise normal pattern of voiding were clinically examined and investigated by ultrasound (USG), nuclear renal scan, magnetic resonance urography (MRU).

Laparoscopic Stephen-Fowler stage procedure: appropriate management for high intra-abdominal testes.

Unlabelled: The length of testicular vessels is the main length-limiting factor to bring down the testes in the scrotum. Fowler and Stephen proposed the division of testicular vessels, high and as far from the testes as possible to maintain collateral blood supply, to treat high intra-abdominal testes. Cortesi introduced the diagnostic laparoscopy and Jorden first did the laparoscopic orchiopexy for nonpalpable testes.

Role of magnetic resonance urography in the diagnosis of single-system ureteral ectopia with congenital renal dysplasia: a tertiary care center experience in India.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to study the role of magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in single-system ureteral ectopia with congenital renal dysplasia in children.

Materials And Methods: Patients of incontinence with an otherwise normal voiding pattern were investigated by MRU and conventional radiology. All the patients underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy after MRU.

Role of magnetic resonance urography in diagnosis of duplex renal system: Our initial experience at a tertiary care institute.

Aim: To determine diagnostic value of magnetic resonance urography in cases of duplex renal system.

Method: Twenty cases between five month to nine years with suspected or known duplex renal system were evaluated by ultrasound (USG), micturating cystourethrography (MCU), intravenous urography (IVU) and magnetic resonance urography (MRU). The findings of these diagnostic imaging studies were then compared with each other and against the results of final diagnosis established at surgery.

"Meckel scan" findings in an infant with ileocolic intussusception.

A 7-month-old male infant who presented with bleeding per rectum was evaluated and diagnosed to have ileocolic intussusception on ultrasonography. Despite ultrasonography-guided saline reduction, there was persistence of bleeding per rectum. He was given blood transfusion and referred for Tc-99m pertechnetate scan to rule out ectopic gastric mucosa.

Juvenile thyroid malignancy.

Thyroid malignancy is an uncommon tumor of the pediatric population. Patients can present with asymptomatic thyroid nodule and it requires thorough work up to rule out the malignancy. Radiological and pathological procedures are a standard part of the management.

Endoscopic thyroidectomy: Our technique.

Unlabelled: Minimally invasive surgery is widely employed for the treatment of thyroid diseases. Several minimal access approaches to the thyroid gland have been described. The commonly performed surgeries have been endoscopic lobectomies.

Effect of quaternary ammonium cations on dye sorption to fly ash from aqueous media.

The efficacy of the surface modification of fly ash by quarternary ammonium cations in the removal of dyes from aqueous solution is demonstrated. A series of organo-fly ash materials were synthesized by treating fly ash with quarternary ammonium cations such as tetraethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, and benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium (TEA, HDTMA, and BDTDA). Two types of dyes were used for the investigation, disperse and anionic dyes.