Influence of earthworm presence and hydraulic loading rate on the performance of vertical flow constructed wetlands.

In order to know the behaviour and performance of a vertical flow constructed wetland (VF-CW) operating with earthworm, this study evaluated the earthworm presence linked to hydraulic loading rates applied for domestic wastewater treatment. Two VF-CW units (710 cm², 0.75 m deep, with sand as filter media and planted with ) operated with a variable hydraulic and organic loadings rates (200 mm d/123 g COD m d; 280 mm d/186 g COD m d; 160 mm d/94 g COD m d).

Pharmaceuticals residues and xenobiotics contaminants: Occurrence, analytical techniques and sustainable alternatives for wastewater treatment.

Emerging contaminants are increasingly present in the environment, and their appearance on both the environment and health of living beings are still poorly understood by society. Conventional sewage treatment facilities that are under validity and were designed years ago are not developed to remove pharmaceutical compounds, their main focus is organic and bacteriological removal. Pharmaceutical residues are associated directly with quantitative production aspects as well as inadequate waste management policies.