Functional lymphatic reserve capacity is depressed in patients with a Fontan circulation.

Background: Lymphatic abnormalities play a role in effusions in individuals with a Fontan circulation. Recent results using near-infrared fluorescence imaging disclosed an increased contraction frequency of lymphatic vessels in Fontan patients compared to healthy controls. It is proposed that the elevated lymphatic pumping seen in the Fontan patients is necessary to maintain habitual interstitial fluid balance.

Aerobic exercise and inspiratory muscle training increase functional capacity in patients with univentricular physiology after Fontan operation: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: The effect of exercise training and its mechanisms on the functional capacity improvement in Fontan patients (FP) are virtually unknown. This trial evaluated four-month aerobic exercise training and inspiratory muscle training on functional capacity, pulmonary function, and autonomic control in patients after Fontan operation.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial with 42 FP aged 12 to 30 years and, at least, five years of Fontan completion.