A highly sensitive method for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts recovered from source and finished water using RT-PCR directed to Cryspovirus RNA.

Sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts is important because the protozoan can cause clinical infection in humans at extremely low numbers. In the present study, 1.5 × 10, 1.

Toll-like receptors and cytokines in the brain and in spleen of dogs with visceral leishmaniosis.

Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is a multisystem disease that affects domestic dogs and can have several clinical manifestations, including some rare reports of neurological clinical signs, or it may remain asymptomatic, depending on the individual immune response against the Leishmania parasite. VL involves immune system sensors, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), that are related to innate immunity and inflammation. Previously, we have reported the presence of brain inflammation in infected dogs.

The detection of Cryptosporidium serpentis in snake fecal samples by real-time PCR.

Infection by Cryptosporidium serpentis occurs in reptiles, particularly in snakes. This disease is characterized by chronic infection with the presence of hypertrophic gastritis. The objectives of this study were to use real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene for the detection of C.