Symptoms of anxiety and depression and quality of life in parents of children with autism during the second wave of the pandemic.

Background: Local political discord together with isolation and fear marked the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and analyze adult quality of life (QoL) during the pandemic in four groups: "childless", "children without mental problems", "children with autism" and "children with other mental problems."

Methods And Procedures: A sample of 867 individuals recruited using social media in northeastern Brazil completed the following instruments: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Brazilian version), the WHOQOL-Bref, and a sociodemographic form OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The mean score for depression was significantly higher in the "children with autism" group compared to the other groups.

Translation into Brazilian Portuguese and validation of the M-CHAT-R/F scale for early screening of autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: To translate and validate the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) from English to Brazilian Portuguese, taking transcultural differences into account.

Methods: Permission for the translation was obtained from the author of the scale. Translation and back-translation were performed, and the document was then assessed for reference and general equivalence.

A validation study of the LABIRINTO scale for the evaluation of autism spectrum disorder in children aged 2 to 4 years.

Objective: To find evidence of the content, construct, and criterion validity of the LABIRINTO scale for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children aged 24-59 months.

Methods: The scale was constructed in four stages: 1) items were defined based on an extensive literature review and discussions with autism and child development specialists; 2) child development specialists evaluated each item; 3) a preliminary version of the scale was applied to children diagnosed with ASD to enable any necessary adjustments; 4) the scale was then applied to 27 children with typical development and no neurodevelopmental disorder and 48 children with ASD. According to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), clinical diagnosis constitutes the gold standard.

Signs, meanings and practices of people living with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or tropical spastic myelopathy.

Background: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) spreads silently in the world's population and causes several syndromes. Among these, HTLV-1 associated myelopathy, also called tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), affects the nervous system. It causes sensorimotor losses, spasticity, muscle weakness, voiding and sexual dysfunction, pain, and balance disorders.

Enacting autism: Immigrant family negotiations with nosology in practice.

This article describes how autism spectrum disorder is experienced in the context of immigrant families and how the meaning of this condition, proposed by professionals in the host country, is negotiated between families and healthcare providers. The study sample consists of 44 parents of different nationalities and their 35 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) living in a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood of Montreal, Canada. Individual parent interviews were audiotaped and transcribed for subsequent analysis.

Anxiety and Depression as Longitudinal Predictors of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults.

Introduction: Few studies have dealt with the potential correlation between anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults.

Method: This longitudinal study was conducted in the city of Montreal, Canada, with 352 older adults aged 55 years or more. The participants were interviewed at baseline and again 2 years later.

The prevalence of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is a cross-sectional study conducted with the parents of 89 children previously diagnosed with ASD. The research instrument used was the 18-item Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS).

Risk and protective factors for symptoms of anxiety and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: The severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression was evaluated in 102 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and correlated with the severity of their child's behavioral symptoms.

Design: An observational, cross-sectional study.

Methods: The Portuguese versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist were used to assess symptoms in the parents and in their children.

Pervasive developmental disorder in the children of immigrant parents: comparison of different assessment instruments.

The objective of this study was to describe how the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) behaves in relation to the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and to clinical diagnosis based on the criteria defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 th Edition (DSM-IV) for children of immigrant parents. Forty-nine children of parents who had immigrated to Canada were evaluated. In this sample, the ADOS and the DSM-IV showed complete agreement.

Immigrant Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Relationship between the Perspective of the Professionals and the Parents' Point of View.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare a medical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with the perceptions of immigrant parents regarding their child's difficulties.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with parents. The children were assessed using the ADOS, and a multiaxial diagnosis was reached using the DSM-IV.

Relationship between learning problems and attention deficit in childhood.

Objective: To assess the impact of attention deficit on learning problems in a sample of schoolchildren in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Method: All students enrolled in selected elementary schools were included in this study, making a total of 774 children. Each child was assessed by his or her teacher using a standardized scale.

[Partial cross-cultural adaptation of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) scale for analysis of patients with mental retardation].

The aim of the ABC (Aberrant Behavior Checklist) is to evaluate the treatment response for aberrant behavior in patients with mental retardation. The aim of this study was to describe the partial cross-cultural adaptation of the ABC scale to Brazilian Portuguese. The process included conceptual and item equivalence, two translations (T1, T2) and their back-translations (R1, R2), evaluation of referential and general equivalence, expert evaluations, a pre-test, and elaboration of the final version.

Frequency of symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in autistic children.

Background: Both DSM-IV and the ICD-10 exclude diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when autism diagnostic is present. Some authors suggest, however, that autism can be associated to other comorbidity amongst which the ADHD.

Objective: To estimate prevalence of ADHD in children with autism.

The role of leisure in the lives of psychotic patients: a qualitative study.

Quality of life is defined by indicators that measure the life patterns of a person or community in relation to an ideal model. Leisure is an important component of quality of life and a tool for rehabilitation for patients with chronic psychosis. This qualitative study evaluated the role of leisure in the life of patients living with psychosis.

Control of psychomotor agitation and aggressive behavior in patients with autistic disorder: a retrospective chart review.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapy on the symptoms of psychomotor agitation and aggressive behavior in a sample of patients with autistic spectrum disorder.

Method: The charts of all patients with a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder, receiving care for psychomotor agitation and/or aggressive behavior in two psychiatric outpatient departments between 2001 and 2006, were reviewed. The Clinical Global Impression-Severity and -Improvement scales (CGI-S and CGI-I) were applied to the data retrieved from the charts.

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in schoolchildren in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder of infancy and one of the most prevalent chronic diseases found in schoolchildren.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of ADHD in schoolchildren through the use of a questionnaire responded by school-teachers.

Method: A total of 774 children enrolled in the public and private school systems were evaluated.

Treatment of restless legs syndrome.

Objective: Restless legs syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by a desire to move limbs, which is usually only present or worsens during rest or at night. The objective of this article was to review the available literature about pharmacological treatment for this disorder.

Method: A search of recent literature was undertaken on online databases (Medline, Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs).

[A pilot study of prevalence of hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder in scholar children in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil].

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in scholar children through a teacher's questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted based in the total number of students under high school, in public and private schools in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The instrument used was Teacher's version of ADHS scale.