Voiding Urosonography with Second-Generation Ultrasound Contrast Agent for Diagnosis of Vesicoureteric Reflux: First Local Pilot Study.

Background: Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is an important association of paediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) found in 30-50% of all children presenting with first UTI. Contrast-enhanced voiding ultrasonography (ceVUS) has become an important radiation-free method for VUR detection in children. Its sensitivity in detecting VUR has greatly improved due to the development of the contrast-specific ultrasound techniques and the introduction of the second-generation ultrasound contrast agent, superseding the diagnostic accuracy of standard radiological procedures.

Diagnostic and Surgical Approach to Prenatally Detected Urinary Tract Anomalies.

Regular ultrasound examinations carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy help in detecting many anomalies in the fetal urinary tract. Their percentage ranges from 1% to 3% of all controlled pregnancies. There is a wide spectrum of anomalies that affect the urinary tract, but the most significant are: uretero/hydronephrosis (unilateral or bilateral), kidney agenesis, dysplastic kidney, polycystic and multicystic kidneys, anomalies of ascent, anomalies of kidney rotation or fusion, bladder exstrophy, posterior urethra valve etc.

Testicular infection in brucellosis: Report of 34 cases.

Background/purpose: To present clinical and laboratory features, treatment options, and outcome in patients with brucellar testicular infection and to compare them with analogous in brucellar patients without testicular involvement.

Methods: Thirty four brucellar patients with testicular infection treated in two general hospitals in the Republic of Macedonia, during the period 1998-2009, were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared with analogous in 364 male brucellar patients without testicular infection, who were treated at the same hospitals during the same time period.

Childhood brucellosis: Review of 317 cases.

Objective: To describe the main epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features, treatment options and outcome in children with brucellosis.

Methods: Retrospectively evaluated data were obtained from 317 pediatric patients with brucellosis that were treated at the University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions in Skopje, during the period from 1989 to 2011. The medical records and follow-up protocols were used for evaluation.

Congenital hydronephrosis: disease or condition?

The aim of this paper is to address the dilemmas of the paediatric surgeon when facing an isolated, unilateral, congenital hydronephrosis and discuss the strategic options for the management of this condition. Congenital hydronephrosis, the most commonly diagnosed uropathy in children, is usually a benign and self-resolving condition. Nonobstructive hydronephrosis does not require operative treatment, while timely treatment is imperative for obstructive hydronephrosis before significant renal damage ensues.

Minimally invasive treatment of 56 consecutive supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.

Objective: to present our results from the minimally invasive approach in the treatment of 56 consecutive Gartland types II and III supracondylar fractures of the humerus in school-age patients.

Method: Including criteria were isolated supracondylar fractures Gartland types II and III, in the period from January 2011 to November 2011. We admitted 56 children aged four to 12 years (mean 6.