Birth body length, birth body weight and birth head circumference in neonates born in a single centre between 2011 and 2016.

Objectives: Access to updated and accurate standards for local populations is important for the interpretation of body measurements in neonates and may have an impact on the doctor's recommendations for monitoring early childhood development.

Study Aim: to present individual mean values for the most prevalent body measurements (i.e.

Weight Disorders in Short Children.

This study aimed to determine the degree of adiposity and prevalence of weight disorders in short children and to assess relationships between selected birth parameters and actual body fat content and body mass indicators. The study encompassed 85 girls and 97 boys, aged 7-14 years, with height below the 10th centile of the age and sex standard. In addition, 609 normal-height children (height between 25th and 75th centile) served as a comparison group.

Body Mass Disorders in Healthy Short Children and in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency.

The aim of the study was to determine the degree of adiposity and the incidence of body mass disorders, including abdominal obesity, in healthy short children and children with growth hormone deficiency. The study included 134 short children (height < 10th percentile) aged 7-15. In this cohort there were 63 (31 boys and 32 girls) children without diagnosed hormonal disorders and 71 patients (35 boys and 36 girls) with growth hormone deficiency.

Aggregation-induced changes in the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signals of proteins.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an MRI technique that allows mapping of biomolecules (small metabolites, proteins) with nearly the sensitivity of conventional water proton MRI. In living organisms, several tissue-specific CEST effects have been observed and successfully applied to diagnostic imaging. In these studies, particularly the signals of proteins showed a distinct correlation with pathological changes.

Weight-height relationships and central obesity in 7-year-old to 10-year-old Polish urban children: a comparison of different BMI and WHtR standards.

Background: An increase in overweight and obesity rates among children is a major social problem; however, interpretation and comparability of estimations may be affected by the reference values and cut-off points used. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and central obesity in 7-year-old to 10-year-old urban children and to compare the results obtained through various standards of BMI or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) indicators.

Methods: The research was conducted on a sample group of 367 girls and 424 boys aged 6.

Physical fitness of schoolgirls with Turner syndrome.

The aim of the study was to assess physical fitness of girls with Turner syndrome (TS) and to determine the relative contributions of age, body height, and body mass to performance in fitness tests. Girls with TS aged 10-18 years (n = 184), and age- and stature-matched healthy controls (n = 280) were studied with the use of the EUROFIT test battery. Girls with TS were significantly inferior to the control group in maintaining balance, standing broad jump, sit-ups, shuttle run, and endurance shuttle run (p < .

[Body proportions of healthy and short stature adolescent girls].

Introduction: Regularly conducted assessment of body proportions is of importance as early detection of possible growth disorders and immediate prevention may allow gathering an optimum of child's genetically conditioned level of development.

Aim Of The Study: To assess body proportions of adolescent girls, healthy or with growth deficiency.

Material And Methods: Three groups were studied: 104 healthy, short-statured girls (body height below the 10th percentile), 84 girls with Turner's syndrome (ZT) and 263 healthy girls of normal stature (between percentiles 25 and 75), all aged 11-15 years.

The knee alignment and the foot arch in patients with Turner syndrome.

Introduction: It is established that patients with Turner syndrome (TS) have numerous defects of the skeletal system, including in the lower extremities structure. However, there are not enough studies in the literature about knee alignment and foot arches in girls and women with TS.

Aim Of The Study: Assessment of knees and feet in girls and women with TS.

[Physical activity of girls with Turner's syndrome].

Introduction: Typical features in Turner's syndrome such as growth deficit and abnormal body proportions may result in perceiving Turner girls as being physically weaker. Hence, physical activity systematically undertaken by those girls would be of utmost importance for keeping healthy and for an adequate relation of body fat to muscle mass, sustaining or increasing physical capacity and for prevention of osteoporosis and hypertension.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the level of physical activity of girls with Turner's syndrome.

[Somatic characteristics of 9-year-old boys with different levels of physical fitness].

Introduction: Resulting from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors differences in somatic potentials that manifest in different body size and body proportions may decide of children's motor skills and predispositions. Determination of morphological conditioning of physical fitness facilitates a more rational control of physical education processes.

Aim Of The Study: Somatic characteristics of 9-year-old boys with different levels of physical fitness:

Material And Methods: Somatic traits and physical fitness were assessed in 9-year-old boys (n=308) attending to public elementary schools in Warsaw.

Body image of tall and medium girls aged 13-17 years.

Introduction: Adolescent girls often experience difficulties in a rational perception of own body and consider attaining an "appropriate shape" as a key to success and happiness. Growth disorders, like e.g.

[Physical fitness of short-statured girls in pubertal age].

Introduction: Objective evaluation of physical fitness during adolescence is of importance in a school practice. Low body height may decide of unequal chances of short-statured youth as compared to other pupils performing physical fitness test.

Aim Of The Study: To assess physical fitness of short-statured girls aged 13-16.

The physique and body composition of students studying physical education: a preliminary report.

Introduction: Young people who study physical education are a priori regarded as having proper body structure and body composition. This assumption cannot be confirmed in the subject literature.

Aim Of The Study: To determine the basic auxological parameters in youth who study physical education.

[Posture in Turner syndrome patients].

Introduction: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disease regarded as the most common cause of pathological short stature in women. TS patients frequently present with abnormalities in the structure of the vertebrae and limb bones, leading to this assessment of posture in girls and women with TS.

Aim Of The Study: Assessment of posture in TS patients.

Weight-height relationship in girls with normal body fat content--Turner's syndrome vs. healthy short-statured.

Introduction: Turner's syndrome is characterised by severely deficient body height and distorted body proportions as compared with healthy girls. It could be expected that shorter legs with respect to trunk length, together with a wider shoulder girdle, would disturb weight-height proportions.

The Aim Of The Study: To compare weight-height relation in Turner girls with that in healthy, short-statured girls, provided both had body fat content within "normal" limits.

[Body image of short- and normally statured girls in pubertal age].

Introduction: Short stature and other growth disorders may be a subject of public stigmatising and that, especially during puberty, may lead to lowered self-esteem and increase inadequate self-perception of one's body image.

The Aim Of The Study: To assess own body perception in short- and normally statured girls and to evaluate the concordance of self-image with an assessment performed by an external expert.

Material And Methods: Two groups of girls aged 14-16 years took part in the study: 25 short-statured girls (body height below 10th percentile) and 49 girls of normal body height.

Body fat-based weight norms for children and youths.

Introduction: The issue of establishing reference values, especially of those pertaining to somatic features, is of importance for an assessment of normal growth. It was assumed that norms ought to reflect not the actually existing status but the recommended one. Thus, weight-height relations, including body mass index (BMI), ought to be established for that fraction of the general population, in which body fat content is within physiologically acceptable limits.

[Evaluation of expected body mass in girls with Turner's Syndrome using Body Mass Index].

Aim Of Study: To verify the usefulness of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the evaluation of expected body mass in girls with Turner's Syndrome (TS).

Material And Methods: 36 girls with Turner's Syndrome aged 10-14 years took part in the study. Body height, body mass, sitting height and body fat content were measured, the latter by bioelectrical impedance method (Bodystat 5,000).

[Physical fitness of short-statured children at the early-school age].

Introduction: Unique somatic build, structure, composition and functioning of the body of short-statured children bring about uneven chances compared to other children performing physical fitness test. Evaluation of physical fitness of short-statured children is even more important in the con-text of widely used in a school practice uniform assessment criteria.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the physical fitness of overweight or normal-weight, short-statured children, as measured by the EUROFIT test.

[Selected body proportions in girls with Turner's syndrome].

Introduction: Typical features in Turner s syndrome (TS) are growth deficit and abnormal body proportions resulting from shorter lower extremities in relation to trunk height and larger shoulder girdle, compared with healthy girls.

Aim Of The Study: To compare upper body length to body height (bh) in TS and healthy girls.

Material And Methods: The following variables were recorded: body height (bh), sitting height (sh), upper extremity length, chest and hips girth (cg).

Weight deficit at birth and Turner's syndrome.

Turner's syndrome (TS) is one of the most frequent diseases accompanied by growth deficiency. Though developmental disorders have been observed in the fetal period, there has been disagreement as to whether short stature is frequent in newborn girls with Turner's syndrome. Hence we attempted to determine the incidence of 'small for gestational age' in TS compared with healthy newborns girls delivered at term above -2 SD (body length and weight) for gestational age.

[Turner's syndrome: subjects with a normal body mass at birth grow taller than born small for gestational age].

Background: Body mass deficit at birth is one of the characteristic features observed in Turner's syndrome (TS). Body mass is lower than expected for gestational age in about 90% of TS-babies, and is below -2 SD (i.e.

[Physical fitness of short-statured boys as related to percentile norms for calendar or growth age].

Objectives: To assess the physical fitness of short-statured boys aged 7 - 20 years by applying fitness norms established for the Polish population in relation to calendar or growth age.

Material And Methods: The results of EUROFIT fitness tests recorded in 3517 short-statured (below percentile 10 for body height) boys, aged 7-20 years, selected from a large (n=37 000) representative male cohort, were analysed.

Results: Individual results were confronted with the respective percentile norms related to calendar age (CA) or growth age (GA), since body height deficiency at given CA could have affected the results of fitness tests expected for that CA.

[Declared attitudes of girls with Turner's syndrome towards physical education classes].

Objectives: To learn the attitudes and opinions of girls with Turner's syndrome about physical education classes and to determine the level of physical activity of those girls by applying the MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) index.

Material And Methods: A group of 36 girls with Turner's syndrome, aged 10-19 years, participants of a summer camp at the sea shore in 2004, were subjected to a questionnaire study. The resulting MVPA index served as an indicator of the degree of physical activity.