Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes, Overweight, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults in Bogotá, Colombia, 2022-2023: A Cross‑Sectional Population Survey.

To establish the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, overweight/obesity, and metabolic syndrome in individuals aged >18 years in Bogotá, Colombia and the variables associated with diabetes prevalence. This was a cross‑sectional population survey with a representative, probabilistic sample of Bogotá, Colombia collected between 2022 and 2023. The final sample size included 2,860 households, distributed among 19 localities of Bogotá.

Risk factors for hypoglycaemia in non-critical hospitalised diabetic patients.

Objective: To determine the risk factors for hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes on general hospital wards based on a systematic review of the literature since 2013 and meta-analysis.

Methods: Systematic review of the literature focused on the conceptual and methodological aspects of the PRISMA Declaration. The search carried out in Pub Med, Web of Science, Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, OVID, grey literature and Google Academic focused on risk factors for hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes on general hospital wards.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in flexible ureterorenoscopy with negative urine culture.

Objective: To improve susceptibility profiles of nosocomial bacteria, identifying the difference between infectious complications in patients undergoing endoscopic flexible ureterolithotomy (fURS) with negative urine culture (UC) that received extended antibiotic prophylaxis (EP) compared with standard antibiotic prophylaxis (SP).

Methodology: This is a retrospective, observational, analytical cohort study, comparing infectious complications between patients undergoing fURS with negative UC who received EP versus SP. We include patients with susccessfull fURS, <20-mm stones and complete information.

Negative log-binomial model with optimal robust variance to estimate the prevalence ratio, in cross-sectional population studies.

Background: Cross-sectional studies are useful for the estimation of prevalence of a particular event with concerns in specific populations, as in the case of diseases or other public health interests. Most of these studies have been carried out with binary binomial logistic regression model which estimates OR values that could be overestimated due to the adjustment of the model. Thus, the selection of the best multivariate model for cross-sectional studies is a priority to control the overestimation of the associations.

A prospective non-fatal injuries assessment: A multivariate analysis in medical-legal examinations.

Objective: To prospectively determine injury recovery time in the medical-legal examinations of non-fatal injuries and their associated factors, carried out by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Colombia to create a multivariate analysis.

Methods: A prospective medical-legal assessment of non-fatal injuries was carried out on 281 individuals with complete follow-up, in which the observational unit of analysis was the most serious injury. Variables, such as sex, circumstances of the injury, the mechanism that caused the injury, medical certificate of incapacity to work, among others were related to the injury recovery time, measured in days.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in super elderly (> 90 years of age): safety and outcomes.

Background: Nonagenarian patients are an age group in progressive growth. In this age group, indications for surgical procedures, including cholecystectomy, will be increasingly frequent, as biliary pathology and its complications are frequent in this population group. The main objective of this study was to analyze the safety and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients older than 90 years.

Surgical mortality in patients in extremis: futility in emergency abdominal surgery.

Background: The number of older patients with multiple comorbidities in the emergency service is increasingly frequent, which implies the risk of incurring in futile surgical interventions. Some interventions generate false expectations of survival or quality of life in patients and families and represent a negligible therapeutic benefit in patients whose chances of survival are minimal. In order to address this dilemma, we describe mortality in a cohort of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy with a risk ≥ 75% per the ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator.

Survival Outcomes of Hepatectomy in Gastric Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Gastric cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) is a contraindication for surgical treatment in current guidelines. However, the results of recent studies are questioning this paradigm. We assessed survival outcomes and their predictors following hepatectomy for GCLM in a systematic review of studies published from 2000 to 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines.

Risk factor for breast cancer development under exposure to bovine leukemia virus in Colombian women: A case-control study.

Viruses have been implicated in cancer development in both humans and animals. The role of viruses in cancer is typically to initiate cellular transformation through cellular DNA damage, although specific mechanisms remain unknown. Silent and long-term viral infections need to be present, in order to initiate cancer disease.

Co-Circulation of Bovine Leukemia Virus Haplotypes among Humans, Animals, and Food Products: New Insights of Its Zoonotic Potential.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of leukemia/lymphoma in cattle. It has been found in humans and cattle-derived food products. In humans, it is described as a potential risk factor for breast cancer development.

Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and Procalcitonin for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Death in Elderly Patients with Suspicion of Sepsis in the Emergency Department, Based on Sepsis-3 Definition.

Background: Sepsis is a disease with a high mortality rate without prompt treatment. However, this entity is difficult to diagnose in the elderly population in the emergency room; for this reason, it is necessary to have diagnostic tools for early detection.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the highest diagnostic yield of procalcitonin (PCT), Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) for sepsis (based on the sepsis-3 consensus), on admission at the emergency department, in those older than 65 years.

Detection of nutritional risk and hospital stay in the hospitalized elderly adult.

Background and aims: a high nutritional risk can independently be associated with a longer hospital stay in elderly patients. This study aims to establish the prevalence of the risk of malnutrition and its associated factors in a high-complexity level hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, during 2018. Methods: a cross-sectional study.

Surgical Rescue in a High-volume Urban Emergency General Surgery Service at a Middle-income Country.

Introduction: The capacity for prompt "rescue" from death in patients with complications has become an important marker of the quality of care since mortality and morbidity have been identified as incongruous indicators. This study aims to describe the incidence of "surgical rescue" failure and the outcomes of emergency general surgery (EGS) patients at a large academic medical center.

Materials And Methods: In our high-volume surgical hospital, an electronic EGS registry was developed to automatically capture in-hospital information and outcomes from the Electronic Medical Record (EMR).

Biomarkers of susceptibility and effect in car painters exposed to organic solvents.

Introduction: Car painters are routinely exposed to organic solvents classified as carcinogenic and mutagenic substances.

Objective: To characterize the population susceptibility and evaluate the genotoxic effects of exposure to organic solvents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study comparing a group of car painters exposed to organic solvents with a non-exposed group.

Elevated levels of D-dimer tested by immunoturbidimetry are associated with the extent of severity of pre-eclampsia.

Objective: To establish the association between increased levels of D-dimer and severity of pre-eclampsia.

Methods: A nested, prospective cohort, analytical case-control study was conducted among women with pre-eclampsia between March 2017 and March 2018. Inclusion criteria were age over 18 years, gestational age of more than 20 weeks, a single pregnancy with a living fetus, and a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.

Detection of mammagloblin by RT-PCR as a biomarker for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis presents evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of mammaglobin detected using the RT-PCR technique, related to the presence of sentinel node metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Methods: The following databases were consulted: Cochrane, Lilacs, Scielo, Hinary, PubMed, Elsevier, Embase, ProQuest, the Universidad del Rosario´s Centro de Recursos Para el Aprendizaje y la Investigación (CRAI-UR) [Resource Center for Learning and Research], and the Google Scholar search engine. The quality of the studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 and CASpe tools.

Evaluation of the exposure to coal dust and prevalence of pneumoconiosis in underground mining in three Colombian departments.

Introduction: Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis is a chronic and irreversible disease representing a public health problem. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of pneumoconiosis and its associated factors among underground coal miners in the Colombian departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Norte de Santander. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 476 miners to measure the prevalence of pneumoconiosis and its associated factors such as coal dust and silica levels, as well as the occupational conditions.

Serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) polymorphism and major depressive disorder in patients in Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: The 5-HTT short allele has been controversially associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder. 

Objective: To determine the association of 5-HTT short allele with major depression in Bogotá, Colombia. 

Materials And Methods: We carried out a study of cases (n=68) matched 1:1 with controls by gender and age (±5 years).

[Hospital readmission rate and associated factors among health services enrollees in Colombia].

Hospital readmissions are common and expensive, and there is little information on the problem in Colombia. The objective was to determine the frequency of 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions and associated factors. This was a retrospective analytical cohort study of 64,969 hospitalizations from January 2008 to January 2009 in 47 Colombian cities.

Quantification of cell-free DNA for evaluating genotoxic damage from occupational exposure to car paints.

Background: For several years, cell-free DNA has been emerging as an important biomarker for non-invasive diagnostic in a wide range of clinical conditions and diseases. The limited information available on the genotoxic effects associated with occupational exposure to car paints, as well as the fact that up-to-date there are not reports about cell-free DNA measurements for assessing this condition, led us to evaluate the DNA damage caused by the occupational exposure to organic solvents contained in car paints, through the quantification of the cell-free DNA and the comet assay, in a sample of 33 individuals taken from 10 automobile paint shops located in Bogota DC, Colombia.

Results: By applying the two methods, cell-free DNA and comet assay, we found a significant increase in the extent of DNA damage in the exposed individuals compared with the non-exposed ones within the control group.

Underground Coal Mining: Relationship between Coal Dust Levels and Pneumoconiosis, in Two Regions of Colombia, 2014.

In Colombia, coal miner pneumoconiosis is considered a public health problem due to its irreversibility, high cost on diagnosis, and lack of data related to its prevalence in the country. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in underground coal mining workers in two regions of Colombia. The results showed a 35.

Night shifts, sleep deprivation, and attention performance in medical students.

Objective: To determine attention performance of medical students after sleep deprivation due to night shift work.

Methods: Prospective cohort design. All seventh, eighth and ninth semester students were invited to participate (n= 209).