Deep brain stimulation in psychiatry.

Deep brain stimulation is a stereotactic neurosurgical method used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and some other movement disorders. The application of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders has been intensively investigated taking into account the current knowledge of neurobiological basis of mood regulation, cognition, and behaviour. This paper has been aimed at presenting the available data on experience in the application of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Extrapyramidal syndromes caused by antipsychotics.

Introduction: Extrapyramidal syndromes are significant side effects of antipsychotic therapy due to their severity, frequent occurrence and complications. This paper gives a brief summary of the literature with the emphasis on epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as the treatment of extrapyramidal disorders induced by antipsychotics.

Dystonia: Sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.