Assessing the Efficacy of AI Segmentation in Diagnostics of Nine Supernumerary Teeth in a Pediatric Patient.

We present a very rare case of a child with nine supernumerary teeth to analyze the potential, benefits, and limitations of artificial intelligence, as well as two commercial tools for tooth segmentation. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly finding applications in dentistry today, particularly in radiography. Special attention is given to models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and their application in automatic segmentation of the oral cavity and tooth structures.

Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 infection of golden jackals Canis aureus in Serbia.

Parvoviruses are among the major animal pathogens that can cause considerable health disorders ranging from subclinical to lethal in domestic and wild animals. Golden jackal (Canis aureus), an expanding European species, is a reservoir of many pathogens, including vector-borne diseases and zoonoses. Given the importance of parvovirus infections in dogs and cats, this study aimed to unfold the virus prevalence and molecular characterisation in the golden jackal population in Serbia.

The new highest number of B chromosomes (Bs) in Leisler's bat (Kuhl, 1817).

B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary to the standard chromosome set, from which they prevalently derive. Variation in numbers both among individuals or populations and among cells within individuals is their constant feature. Leisler's bat (Kuhl, 1817) is one of only four species of Chiroptera with detected Bs.

Seasonal and diel movement patterns of brown bears in a population in southeastern Europe.

Most animals concentrate their movement into certain hours of the day depending on drivers such as photoperiod, ambient temperature, inter- or intraspecific competition, and predation risk. The main activity periods of many mammal species, especially in human-dominated landscapes, are commonly set at dusk, dawn, and during nighttime hours. Large carnivores, such as brown bears, often display great flexibility in diel movement patterns throughout their range, and even within populations, striking between individual differences in movement have been demonstrated.

Depicting the RNA Virome of Hematophagous Arthropods from Belgrade, Serbia.

Hematophagous arthropods are important vectors for zoonotic pathogens. To date, a huge number of viruses have been identified in these arthropods, with a considerable proportion of them being human pathogens. However, the viromes of hematophagous arthropods are still largely unresearched.

Genomic patterns in the widespread Eurasian lynx shaped by Late Quaternary climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic impacts.

Disentangling the contribution of long-term evolutionary processes and recent anthropogenic impacts to current genetic patterns of wildlife species is key to assessing genetic risks and designing conservation strategies. Here, we used 80 whole nuclear genomes and 96 mitogenomes from populations of the Eurasian lynx covering a range of conservation statuses, climatic zones and subspecies across Eurasia to infer the demographic history, reconstruct genetic patterns, and discuss the influence of long-term isolation and/or more recent human-driven changes. Our results show that Eurasian lynx populations shared a common history until 100,000 years ago, when Asian and European populations started to diverge and both entered a period of continuous and widespread decline, with western populations, except Kirov, maintaining lower effective sizes than eastern populations.

Insight into diversity of bacteria belonging to the order Rickettsiales in 9 arthropods species collected in Serbia.

Rickettsiales bacteria in arthropods play a significant role in both public health and arthropod ecology. However, the extensive genetic diversity of Rickettsiales endosymbionts of arthropods is still to be discovered. In 2016, 515 arthropods belonging to 9 species of four classes (Insecta, Chilopoda, Diplopoda and Arachnida) were collected in Serbia.

Population genetic structure of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale in the central Balkans.

Migratory behaviour, sociality and roost selection have a great impact on the population structure of one species. Many bat species live in groups, and movements between summer and hibernation sites are common in temperate bats. The Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale is a cave-dwelling species that exhibits roost philopatry and undertakes seasonal movements which are usually shorter than 50 km.

Apoptosis and genome instability in children with autoimmune diseases.

As apoptosis and genome instability in children with autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are insufficiently investigated, we aimed to analyse them in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of children and adolescents with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), including possible factors that could affect their occurrence. The study population included 24 patients and 19 healthy controls. Apoptotic cells were detected using an Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD kit.

Circum-Mediterranean phylogeography of a bat coupled with past environmental niche modeling: A new paradigm for the recolonization of Europe?

The isolation of populations in the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas during the ice ages define four main paradigms that explain much of the known distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity in Europe. In this study we investigated the phylogeography of a wide-spread bat species, the bent-winged bat, Miniopterus schreibersii around the Mediterranean basin and in the Caucasus. Environmental Niche Modeling (ENM) analysis was applied to predict both the current distribution of the species and its distribution during the last glacial maximum (LGM).

Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes.

The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible.

Diaphragmatic defect or pulmonary sequestration in a five-year-old boy.

This case report presents a 5-year-old boy with diaphragmatic defect with a tardy clinical manifestation. The findings of chest x-ray and chest CT scan were seen by pediatricians and radiologists as interstitial pneumonia and suspected pulmonary sequestration, pediatric surgeons saw it as a benign teratoma and during surgery a muscular defect of hemidiaphragm right was found. This case emphasize the rarity of diaphragmatic hernia in children of older age, the importance of "accented" clinical suspicion based on the maintenance of signs of mild respiratory failure, the need for additional radiological tests and surgery with the aim to diagnose this abnormality and "successfulness" of prenatal ultrasound examination.

Panophthalmitis after spontaneous perforation in glaucomatous eye.

Panophthalmitis is an acute, purulent inflammation of the eyeball that involves all its structures and extends into the orbit. A case of a fifty-seven year old male treated earlier due to glaucoma and trophic ulcus of the cornea, was presented in this paper. He was admitted to hospital with intensive orbital pain and redness of the right eye, elevated body temperature, bulbus protrusion with limited movement, chemosis, edematous cornea, hypopyon, iris of invisible drawing and relief.

[Positional installation of contrast cystography: a new approach in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux].

Introduction: Positional installation of contrast cystography (PIC cystography) represents a new method to identify vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) that is unrevealed by standard diagnostic procedures. It is performed by radiological examination of the vesicoureteral junction during cystoscopic installation of the contrast medium at the ureteral orifice.

Objective: We studied the significance of PIC cystography to demonstrate VUR that failed to be revealed by standard voiding cystourethrography (MCUG), as well as the degree of the correlation of such a finding with endoscopic appearance and the position of the ureteral orifice (UO).