[FOLK MEDICINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF EYE DISEASES IN DALMATIA IN THE 19TH CENTURY].

Folk medicine is a traditional medical practice in the general population, especially in rural areas. Traditional medicine methods used herbal remedies as well as human and animal substances and minerals. The most commonly used drugs in the treatment of eye diseases were drugs of plant origin like chamomile, eyebright and greater celandine, then drugs of human and animal origin like breast milk, saliva, honey, animal bile, and copper sulfate from mineral origin.

Carl Ferdinand von Arlt. One of the famous ophthalmologists of the 19th century-his life in Vienna.

Background: Ferdinand von Arlt (1812-1887) was one of the greatest ophthalmologists of the 19th century. From 1856 to 1883 he was the head of the First University Eye Clinic in Vienna. The aim of this paper is to show the places where he lived during his working life in Vienna, because it has not been written about so far.

[THE INFLUENCE OF THE VIENNA SCHOOL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY ON THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN OPHTHALMOLOGY IN CROATIA].

The founder of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology was Prof. Dr. Georg Joseph Beer, who founded the First University Eye Clinic in the Vienna General Hospital in 1812.

Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870) and his contributions to the development of ophthalmology.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to show Albrecht von Graefe's contributions to the development of ophthalmology on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his death. He is regarded as the greatest ophthalmologist of the 19th century. Modern and scientific ophthalmology owes its beginning to him.

Places where Famous Ophthalmologist Albrecht Von Graefe Lived and Worked in Berlin.

Many things are said and written about famous ophthalmologist Albrecht von Graefe. This work gives detailed description of the places where he lived and practiced ophthalmology in Berlin, because very little was written about it and never in one paper. Von Graefe was born in 1828 in villa Finkenherd in the north-west part of Tiergarten in Berlin.

Epidemiological characteristics of orbital cellulitis among adult population in the Split region, Croatia.

Background: There are few diseases in ophthalmology which could have a fatal outcome, one of them is orbital cellulitis. The aim of this article is to give epidemiological analysis of orbital cellulitis in adult patients in the Split region, Croatia.

Methods: The study was based on a retrospective review of medical records of 53 adult patients with orbital cellulitis treated during the period of 26 years from 1991 to 2016 at the Department of Ophthalmology in the University Hospital of Split.

First look into the eye.

Purpose: Until Helmholtz's discovery of the ophthalmoscope, it was not possible to visualize the posterior pole of the eye in a living subject. The aim of this work is to emphasize the importance of the invention of the ophthalmoscope because the new era in ophthalmology began with it.

Methods: Available literature concerning this topic was studied, especially by getting in contact with institutes for history of medicine as well as medico-historians in Germany and other countries.

Historical Contribution of Otorhinolaryngology in Split Region till 1923.

The beginnings of the modern otorhinolaryngology in Croatia started in the second half of the 19th century. Before that, there were only rare attempts of some doctors who published medical papers touching the frame of otorhinolaryngology. Mainly those were the PhD's disertations at Vienna, Budapest and Padua University.

[DR ALEKSANDAR DORŠNER THE FIRST HOSPITAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIST IN SPLIT AND DALMATIA].

Dr Aleksandar Doršner (Trebinje, 1892 - Lima, 1967) was the first hospital otorhinolaryngologist in Split and Dalmatia. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in Prague in 1919, and specialized otorhinolaryngology in Graz and Vienna. He led and organized otorhinolaryngological service in Split Hospital from 1923 to 1934, and he also had a private practice.

The influence of retinal eye diseases on painting.

In this work the possible influences of some retinal eye problems on paintings of several famous artists are considered. The change of painting styles and artistic expression in different periods and ages in a group of world-wide well-known painters are described and correlated with known or suspected retinal diseases. Some of them largely became recognizable because of that.

Comparing two techniques of panretinal photocoagulation on visual acuity on patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

We wanted to examine which of two panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) techniques, classical panretinal photocoagulation (CPRP) and modifield peripheral panretinal photocoagulation PPRP), causes less decline of visual acuity (VA) due to macular edema (ME) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PRD). This clinical study includes 180 eyes with PDR with initial papillar neovascularization. The patients were divided into two groups according the RP.

[The efficacy of the fixed drug combination dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open angle glaucoma].

The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of the fixed drug combination dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% as monotherapy, substitutive and as adjunctive therapy in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. 130 patients were divided in three different study groups and treated by the combination dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.

[Famous doctors who stayed on the Croatian coast at the turn of the 20th century].

At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century many famous persons stayed on the Croatian coast mostly because of touristic and health reasons, than because of natural beauties, scientific or political reasons. Most often they came from Austro-Hungary, Germany or Russia but also from our homelands. Among them were also many famous doctors, some known worldwide.

[Clinico-epidemiological analysis of choroidal melanoma in Split Area, Croatia].

Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumour in adults. The aim of the study was to examine epidemiological characteristics of choroidal melanoma in Split-Dalmatia County from 1990 to 2009. In this retrospective study, data on 46 patients from medical documentation of the University Department of Ophthalmology, Split University Hospital Center, were analyzed.

Blindness and visual impairment in diabetic patients in Croatia.

New estimates show reduction in the number of people who are blind or suffer from vision impairment as a sequel of infectious diseases, while there is an increase in the number of people who are blind due to conditions related to longer life span and diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in active population in developed countries. Epidemiological studies evaluated the incidence and describe many facets of this disease the incidence of which is being followed in most countries.

[Relationship between phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction at University Department of Ophthalmology, Split University Hospital Center, during the 1997-2009 period].

The aim of the study was to show the relationship between phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction at University Department of Ophthalmology, Split University Hospital Center (assessing the length of postoperative hospital stay and postoperative visual acuity), during the 1997-2009 period. We also wanted to explore the tendency of using different types of intraocular lenses. The study was designed as a retrospective analysis of operative records.

Visual evoked potential can be used to detect a prediabetic form of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type I.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of visual evoked potential (VEP) testing in detecting retinal ganglion cell damage in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type I (DMI). VEP arise before diabetic retinopathy signs become ophthalmoscopically detectable. VEP testing was performed in 45 patients divided into three groups; 15 children with recently discovered DMI, 15 children with long-lasting DMI, and 15 healthy children as the control group.

[Dr. Juraj Curin: founder of Ophthalmology Department in Split].

The paper describes the life and work of an ophthalmologist, Juraj Curin (Gdinj, 1887 - Split, 1947). In 1921, he founded Department of Ophthalmology in Split, although permanent ophthalmologic service had existed at the Old City Hospital in Split from 1902. Dr.

Retinopathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients--association with polymorphysms of vitamin D-receptor, TNF, Neuro-D and IL-1 receptor 1 genes.

Retinopathy and nephropathy are common late type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) complications. In this study we investigated whether individual differences in 4 candidate genes significantly contribute to development and progression of late complications in T1D patients. We examined 121 patients for the presence of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.

Afect of botulinum toxin-A injection on intraocular pressure and proptosis in thyroid associated orbitopathy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extraocular muscle injection of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and proptosis in patients with ocular motility disturbances in thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO). In 17 patients (20 eyes) with restrictive strabismus and diplopia, BTX-A injections were applied. Intraocular pressure was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer in primary gaze position before and 2-4 weeks after BTX-A injection.

[Dr Erwin Treu--the first permanent ophthalmologist in Split].

Dr. Erwin Treu (Kotor, 1875-Skopje, 1937) was the first permanent ophthalmologist in Split, Croatia. He finished his ophthalmological specialization at the Eye Clinic in Prague in 1900 at W.

Wartime open globe eye injuries.

Background: Open globe injuries are the most serious eye injuries in war as in peace time. The purpose of this study is to analyze wartime open globe eye injuries in 72 patients treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital of Split from July 1991 to April 1993, during the intensive war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to evaluate crucial factors responsible for the functional success of the treatment.

Methods: Wartime open globe eye injuries were retrospectively analyzed in 72 patients (80 eyes) hospitalized at Clinical Hospital of Split, Department of Ophthalmology, between July 1991 and April 1993.

The effect of travoprost 0.004% as an adjuvant to timolol 0.5% therapy.

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of travoprost 0.004% eye drops added to therapy with timolol 0.5%.