Sex Differences in the Associations Between Chronic Diseases and Insomnia Symptoms Among Older Adults in India.

Background: Sleep problems are a critical issue in the aging population, affecting quality of life, cognitive efficiency, and contributing to adverse health outcomes. The coexistence of multiple diseases is common among older adults, particularly women. This study examines the associations between specific chronic diseases, multimorbidity, and insomnia symptoms among older Indian men and women, with a focus on the interaction of sex in these associations.

Prevalence and associated factors of impaired kidney functions among children and adolescents in India: insights from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) 2016-18.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem. The burden of CKD in children and adolescents in India is not well described. We used data from the recent Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) to estimate the prevalence of impaired kidney function (IKF) and its determinants in children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 19.

Prevalence of anaemia among married women with recent birth history and high-risk fertility behaviour: secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey-India (2019-21).

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of anaemia among currently married women with high-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) based on age, parity and birth spacing indicators.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Settings And Participants: Fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) was conducted in India (2019-2021) and included a nationally representative sample of 724, 115 women in the reproductive age group (15-49).

Prevalence and predictors of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among women aged 15-49 years across urban and rural India: findings from a nationwide survey.

Background: Women's health is usually looked upon in terms of their reproductive health. However, cardio-vascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability among women, globally as well as in India. Risk factors of today can be disease of tomorrow.

Understanding trimester-specific miscarriage risk in Indian women: insights from the calendar data of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-21.

Background: The primary public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is early pregnancy loss driven by miscarriage. Understanding early pregnancy losses and the characteristics of mothers who have miscarriages is essential to creating effective reproductive health strategies. Thus, this study's primary goal is to delve into the factors which impact miscarriages that take place prior to and following the first 12 weeks of gestation.

Prevalence of risk factors and estimation of 10-year risk for cardiovascular diseases among male adult population of Tamil Nadu India-an insight from the National Family Health Survey-5.

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most addressed preventable diseases of public health importance. However, the risk estimates and use of these risk scores for CVD prevention are the least explored areas. So, in this study, we explored the different categories of Framingham heart study (FHS) 10-year-CVD risk score and their associated factors among the adult male population in Tamil Nadu, India.

Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and treatment utilization patterns among the elderly from the first wave of Longitudinal Aging study in India (2017-18)using a Heckman selection model.

Introduction: Unmanaged Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) substantially contributes to the multi-morbidity of the elderly. Fewer research has concentrated on understanding the determinants of treatment utilization among older people, with even lesser concerns about missing data in outcome variables leading to biased estimates. The present study intends to evaluate the epidemiology of T2DM in the elderly in India and explore the socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors determining the treatment utilization among the elderly > 60 years in India by addressing the missing data to generate robust estimates.

Does sexual Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) increase risk of multiple high-risk fertility behaviours in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2015-16.

Background: One in three women from lower and middle-income countries are subjected to physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in their life span. Prior studies have highlighted a range of adverse health impacts of sexual IPV. However, less is known about the link between multiple high-risk fertility behaviours and sexual intimate partner violence.

Understanding the associations between maternal high-risk fertility behaviour and child nutrition levels in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey 2015-2016.

Anthropometric markers are the most important aspect of a child's health assessment. Using large-scale nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-2016, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between children born to women with high-risk fertility behaviours and children's health outcomes. The sample consisted of 2,55,726 children of currently married women aged 15-49 years in India.

Inequalities in short-acting reversible, long-acting reversible and permanent contraception use among currently married women in India.

Background: In India, the usage of modern contraception methods among women is relatively lower in comparison to other developed economies. Even within India, there is a state-wise variation in family planning use that leads to unintended pregnancies. Significantly less evidence is available regarding the determinants of modern contraception use and the level of inequalities associated with this.

Sexual violence as a predictor of unintended pregnancy among married women of India: evidence from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (2015-16).

Background: Sexual Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health problem globally, with about one in three women experiencing sexual IPV ever in their lifetime. Unintended pregnancy is one of the consequences of sexual IPV and has its repercussions that can span generations. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and assess the association between sexual IPV and unintended childbirth in India among married women aged 15-49 years.

Regional Water Availability and WASH Indicators as Predictors of Malnutrition in Under-5 Children: Analysis of the National Family Health Survey, India (2015-16).

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices determine child nutrition in resource-constrained countries and are influenced by regional water availability. We assessed any relationship between malnutrition and WASH practices among under-5 children in India's areas as per water availability.

Methods: We did a secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey-IV.

Relationship between height and hypertension among women in India: Evidence from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey.

Background And Aims: Hypertension (HTN) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially among women. Literature suggests an association between height and hypertension. We did this study to ascertain an association between hypertension and height and explore their determinants among Indian women of reproductive age group (15-49 years).

Trends and correlates of intimate partner violence experienced by ever-married women of India: results from National Family Health Survey round III and IV.

Background: The study aims to estimate the prevalence of Intimate partner violence (IPV) in India, and changes observed over a decade as per the nationally representative datasets from National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) Round 3 and 4. We also highlight various socio-demographic characteristics associated with different types of IPV in India. The NFHS round 3 and 4 interviewed 124,385, and 699,686 women respondents aged 15-49 years using a multi-stage sampling method across 29 states and 2 union territories in India.

Epidemiology of overweight and obesity in Indian adults - A secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Surveys.

Aims: National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in India provide nationally comparable data on socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric estimates. Present study was conducted to examine the prevalence of Indian adults who are living with overweight/obesity, their correlates, and trends observed between the last two rounds of the NFHS 2005-06 to 2015-16).

Methods: Socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric estimates of respondents from NFHS round III & IV were analysed.

Trends and patterns of second-hand smoke exposure amongst the non-smokers in India-A secondary data analysis from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) I & II.

Objectives: The primary objective of the present study was to compare the prevalence and patterns of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in the home, workplace, public places, and at all three places amongst the non-smoker respondents between the two rounds of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in India. The secondary objectives were to assess the differences in various factors associated with SHS exposure among non-smokers.

Study Design: This secondary data analysis incorporated data generated from the previous two rounds of the cross-sectional, nationally representative GATS India, which covered 69,296 and 74,037 individuals aged 15 years and above.

Factors affecting recruitment and retention of community health workers in a newborn care intervention in Bangladesh.

Background: Well-trained and highly motivated community health workers (CHWs) are critical for delivery of many community-based newborn care interventions. High rates of CHW attrition undermine programme effectiveness and potential for implementation at scale. We investigated reasons for high rates of CHW attrition in Sylhet District in north-eastern Bangladesh.

Community-based validation of assessment of newborn illnesses by trained community health workers in Sylhet district of Bangladesh.

Objectives: To validate trained community health workers' recognition of signs and symptoms of newborn illnesses and classification of illnesses using a clinical algorithm during routine home visits in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: Between August 2005 and May 2006, 288 newborns were assessed independently by a community health worker and a study physician. Based on a 20-sign algorithm, sick neonates were classified as having very severe disease, possible very severe disease or no disease.

Longitudinal study on pneumococcal carriage during the first year of life in Bangladesh.

Background: The strong herd immunity effect and the serotype replacement associated with the use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine have highlighted the importance of asymptomatic pneumococcal carriage. To describe the development of pneumoccoccal carriage in a developing country setting we carried out a longitudinal pneumococcal carriage study in Bangladesh.

Methods: Ninety-nine children, born in Savar, Bangladesh between May 2000 and April 2001, were enrolled in the study with their families.