Multi-institutional Surgical Education Interventions: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate scholarship in multi-institutional interventional surgical education trials.

Summary Background Data: Most research on interventions in surgical education occurs at individual institutions. These studies typically involve a small number of learners in a unique environment, thereby limiting their generalizability.

Defining Normal Balance for Army Aviators.

Introduction: One challenge clinicians face is determining when a military Service Member (SM) can return to duty after an injury that affects the postural control. The gold standard to measure postural control is the Sensory Organization Test (SOT). This test measures the amount of sway present in an individual's static stance that may be used to examine range of function and monitor recovery from injury.

Failure to meet aerobic fitness standards among urban elementary students.

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of aerobic fitness with the elementary school environment and student characteristics among 4th and 5th grade children attending urban public schools in St. Louis, MO, USA. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2012-2015 and included 2381 children (mean age 10.

Stereotype threat and working memory among surgical residents.

Background: Stereotype threat is a situational threat in which a member of a stereotyped group fears conforming to a negative stereotype. In this study, we examined the impact of stereotype threat on surgical performance and working memory among surgical residents.

Methods: Residents at one institution were randomized to either the threat condition or the no-threat condition.

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Well-Being Among Surgical Residents.

Objective: Residency is a challenging time in the lives of physicians. In this study, we examined the relationship between general self-efficacy, defined as the belief in one's own capabilities in a variety of situations, and burnout and psychological well-being in a sample of surgical residents.

Design: In the context of a larger study, a cross-sectional survey was administered to residents.

Social Belonging as a Predictor of Surgical Resident Well-being and Attrition.

Objective: In light of the predicted shortage of surgeons, attrition from surgical residency is a significant problem. Prior data have shown that those who are happier are more productive, and those who are less well have higher rates of absenteeism. This study sought to identify the role of social belonging and its relationship to well-being and risk of attrition.

Postoperative opioid prescribing practices and the impact of the hydrocodone schedule change.

Background: In 2014, hydrocodone was moved from Schedule III to II, thus it could no longer be "called in" to a pharmacy. We analyzed current postoperative opioid prescribing patterns and the impact of the schedule change on the type and amount prescribed.

Methods: Opioid prescriptions for common surgeries at 1 medical center from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.

The relationship between perceived gender judgment and well-being among surgical residents.

Background: Physician well-being is a significant problem. Here we explore whether one factor, a resident's concern for being judged by one's gender, influences well-being.

Methods: Over two years at one institution, we surveyed surgical residents on validated measures of well-being as well as the extent to which they felt they were judged because of their gender (gender judgment).

Children's Knowledge of Genital Anatomy and Its Relationship With Children's Use of the Word "Inside" During Questioning About Possible Sexual Abuse.

This study was designed to examine the relationship between children's understanding of their genital anatomy and their use of the word "inside" in response to questions about genital touch during a forensic medical examination. This study involved a secondary data analysis of 674 records of children at a sexual abuse clinic in a large city in a southern state. Data were analyzed using contingency table, binary logistic, and multinomial logistic regression analysis methods.

Reducing health disparities by removing cost, access, and knowledge barriers.

Background: While the rate of unintended pregnancy has declined in the United States in recent years, unintended pregnancy among teens in the United States is the highest among industrialized nations, and disproportionately affects minority teens.

Objective: Our objective of this secondary analysis was to estimate the risk of unintended pregnancy for both Black and White teens age 15-19 years when barriers to access, cost, and knowledge are removed. Our hypothesis was that the Black-White disparities would be reduced when access, education, and cost barriers are removed.

Perioperative complications of conduit urinary diversion with concomitant cystectomy for benign indications: A population-based analysis.

Aims: Beyond single-institution case series, limited data are available to describe risks of performing a concurrent cystectomy at the time of urinary diversion for benign end-stage lower urinary tract dysfunction. Using a population-representative sample, this study aimed to analyze factors associated with perioperative complications in patients undergoing urinary diversion with or without cystectomy.

Methods: A representative sample of patients undergoing urinary diversion for benign indications was identified from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2011.

Descriptive Analysis of the 2014 Race-Based Healthcare Disparities Measurement Literature.

Importance: There are more than 500 articles in the 2014 race-based healthcare disparities literature across a broad array of diseases and outcomes. However, unlike many other forms of research (e.g.

Military Occupations Most Affected by Head/Sensory Injuries and the Potential Job Impact of Those Injuries.

Objective: Identifying Department of Defense (DoD) occupations affected by injuries to the head and sensory systems.

Methods: We explored the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database to identify occupations with the highest incidence of injured personnel, then ranked how frequently they occurred in a top 10 list for each of four injury categories (head/brain, visual, auditory, vestibular) encompassing 25 injury codes. Across all four categories, the most affected occupations were identified, among which we chose three Army combat-related military occupational specialties (MOSs) for detailed study.

Still Separate, Still Unequal: Social Determinants of Playground Safety and Proximity Disparities in St. Louis.

Physical activity among youth is shaped by the natural and built environment within which they live; however, few studies have focused on assessing playground safety and proximity in detail as part of the built environment for youth physical activity. We analyzed data on 100 publicly accessible playgrounds from Play Across St. Louis, a community-partnered study of the built environment for youth physical activity.

Temporal Trends in Conduit Urinary Diversion With Concomitant Cystectomy for Benign Indications: A Population-based Analysis.

Objective: To describe national trends in cystectomy at the time of urinary diversion for benign indications. Multiple practice patterns exist regarding the necessity for concomitant cystectomy with urinary diversion for benign end-stage lower urinary tract dysfunction. Beyond single-institution reports, limited data are available to describe how concurrent cystectomy is employed on a national level.

Genital Findings in Cases of Child Sexual Abuse: Genital vs Vaginal Penetration.

Study Objective: To (1) examine the prevalence of abnormal genital findings in a large cohort of female children presenting with concerns of sexual abuse; and (2) explore how children use language when describing genital contact and genital anatomy.

Design: In this prospective study we documented medical histories and genital findings in all children who met inclusion criteria. Findings were categorized as normal, indeterminate, and diagnostic of trauma.

Relationships Between Health Literacy and Genomics-Related Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Perceived Importance, and Communication in a Medically Underserved Population.

The increasing importance of genomic information in clinical care heightens the need to examine how individuals understand, value, and communicate about this information. Based on a conceptual framework of genomics-related health literacy, we examined whether health literacy was related to knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived importance of genetics and family health history (FHH) and communication about FHH in a medically underserved population. The analytic sample was composed of 624 patients at a primary care clinic in a large urban hospital.

Racial and Ethnic Heterogeneity in Self-Reported Diabetes Prevalence Trends Across Hispanic Subgroups, National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2012.

Introduction: We examined racial/ethnic heterogeneity in self-reported diabetes prevalence over 15 years.

Methods: We used National Health Interview Survey data for 1997 through 2012 on 452,845 adults aged 18 years or older. Annual self-reported diabetes prevalence was estimated by race/ethnicity and education.

Inter-observer agreement of spontaneous breathing trial outcome.

Background: Spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) are a very important test in the weaning process. The trial involves evaluation of multiple objective and subjective variables. These characteristics could lead to variability in interpreting outcomes with important clinical implications.

The pancreatic islet β-cell-enriched transcription factor Pdx-1 regulates Slc30a8 gene transcription through an intronic enhancer.

The SLC30A8 gene encodes the zinc transporter ZnT-8, which provides zinc for insulin-hexamer formation. Genome-wide association studies have shown that a polymorphic variant in SLC30A8 is associated with altered susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes and we recently reported that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is decreased in islets isolated from Slc30a8-knockout mice. The present study examines the molecular basis for the islet-specific expression of Slc30a8.

Malignant transformation of an infinite life span human fibroblast cell strain by transfection with v-Ki-ras.

To determine if human fibroblasts can be transformed into malignant cells by transfection of a K-ras oncogene, we transfected the provirus of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (v-Ki-ras) into an infinite life span human cell strain, MSU-1.1, which has a normal morphology, is not anchorage independent, and has a stable, near-diploid karyotype. The transfected populations gave rise to distinct foci composed of morphologically-altered cells.

Transformation of diploid human fibroblasts by DNA transfection with the v-sis oncogene.

The simian sarcoma virus (SSV) oncogene (v-sis) has a high degree of homology to the cellular gene coding for the B peptide of human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent fibroblast mitogen. The cellular homolog of v-sis is activated in some mesenchymal human tumors and cell lines derived from them. To determine the phenotype produced by v-sis in diploid human fibroblasts, we constructed plasmids containing the SSV provirus and drug-resistance markers and transfected them into early-passage human cells.

Electron microscopy of rotary shadowed vinculin and vinculin complexes.

Chicken gizzard smooth muscle vinculin, purified according to the method of Feramisco & Burridge (1980), was examined by rotary shadowing and electron microscopy. Individual vinculin molecules have two domains: a globular head with a diameter of 8.0 nm, and a tail 20 nm long.