The six scoring systems' prognostic value in predicting 24-hour mortality in septic patients.

Objective: The use of scoring systems contributes to the faster identification of septic patients, especially those at a high risk of a fatal outcome. The best scoring system does not exist, so the search for the optimal one is always current. The aim of this study is to estimate the prognostic value of the six scoring systems in predicting 24-hour mortality among septic patients presented at the emergency department.

Comparison between MCNP and planning system in brachytherapy of cervical cancer.

Absorbed doses in uterus during brachytherapy were calculated with MCNP in relevant points and compared with planning system for one patients. MCNP was applied with two different humanoid phantoms in input, ORNL and voxel models, which represent human body in mathematical way. Good agreement between both phantoms, as well as, between MCNP and planning system were found.

Review of compounds that exhibit radioprotective and/or mitigatory effects after application of diagnostic or therapeutic ionizing radiation.

Purpose: Exposure to ionizing radiation can be accidental or for medical purposes. Analyzes of the frequency of radiation damage in the general population, it has been determined that by far the most common are those that occur as a result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Damage caused by radiation, either accidentally or for therapeutic purposes, can be reduced by the use of radioprotectors, mitigators or other therapeutic agents.

Effects of chronic nicotine exposure on Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced locomotor activity and neural activation in male and female adolescent and adult rats.

Rationale: High rates of comorbid tobacco and cannabis use in adolescents and young adults may be related to functional interactions between the nicotinic cholinergic and cannabinoid systems in the brain during development. This study examined the effects of chronic exposure to nicotine (the psychoactive component in tobacco) on acute exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (the psychoactive component of cannabis).

Methods: Male and female adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 112) were injected daily with nicotine (1 mg/kg, i.

Bone cancer-induced pain is associated with glutamate signalling in peripheral sensory neurons.

We previously identified that several cancer cell lines known to induce nociception in mouse models release glutamate in vitro. Although the mechanisms of glutamatergic signalling have been characterized primarily in the central nervous system, its importance in the peripheral nervous system has been recognized in various pathologies, including cancer pain. We therefore investigated the effect of glutamate on intracellular electrophysiological characteristics of peripheral sensory neurons in an immunocompetent rat model of cancer-induced pain based on surgical implantation of mammary rat metastasis tumour-1 cells into the distal epiphysis of the right femur.

Chronic nicotine exposure attenuates the effects of Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol on anxiety-related behavior and social interaction in adult male and female rats.

Introduction: Anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of cannabinoids are mediated by different mechanisms, including neural signaling via cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs). This study examined the effects of prior nicotine (the psychoactive component in tobacco) exposure on behavioral sensitivity to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the psychoactive component of cannabis) challenge in animals.

Methods: Male and female adult Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 96) were injected daily with nicotine (1 mg/kg, i.

Spinal microglia contribute to cancer-induced pain through system x -mediated glutamate release.

Introduction: Microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are a key contributor to the generation and maintenance of cancer-induced pain (CIP). In healthy organisms, activated microglia promote recovery through the release of trophic and anti-inflammatory factors to clear toxins and pathogens and support neuronal survival. Chronically activated microglia, however, release toxic substances, including excess glutamate, causing cytotoxicity.

Activation of hippocampal microglia in a murine model of cancer-induced pain.

Introduction: Pain is a common and debilitating comorbidity of metastatic breast cancer. The hippocampus has been implicated in nociceptive processing, particularly relating to the subjective aspect of pain. Here, a syngeneic mouse model was used to characterize the effects of peripheral tumors on hippocampal microglial activation in relation to cancer-induced pain (CIP).

Functional effects of TrkA inhibition on system x-mediated glutamate release and cancer-induced bone pain.

Breast cancer cells release the signalling molecule glutamate via the system x antiporter, which is upregulated to exchange extracellular cystine for intracellular glutamate to protect against oxidative stress. Here, we demonstrate that this antiporter is functionally influenced by the actions of the neurotrophin nerve growth factor on its cognate receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkA, and that inhibiting this complex may reduce cancer-induced bone pain via its downstream actions on xCT, the functional subunit of system x. We have characterized the effects of the selective TrkA inhibitor AG879 on system x activity in murine 4T1 and human MDA-MB-231 mammary carcinoma cells, as well as its effects on nociception in our validated immunocompetent mouse model of cancer-induced bone pain, in which BALB/c mice are intrafemorally inoculated with 4T1 murine carcinoma cells.

Preparation of tetrazine-containing [2 + 1] complexes of Tc and in vivo targeting using bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder chemistry.

The aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate [2 + 1] Tc(i) polypyridine complexes containing tetrazines, which along with the corresponding Re(i) complexes, represent a new class of isostructural nuclear and turn-on luminescent probes that can be derivatized and targeted using bioorthogonal chemistry. To this end, [2 + 1] complexes of Tc(i) of the type [Tc(CO)(N^N)(L)] (N^N = bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPS) or 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy)), where the monodentate ligand (L) was a tetrazine linked to the metal through an imidazole derivative, were prepared. The desired products were obtained in nearly quantitative radiochemical yield by adding [Tc(CO)(N^N)(OH)] to the imidazole-tetrazine ligand and heating at 60 °C for 30 min.

Overview of Glutamatergic Dysregulation in Central Pathologies.

As the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, glutamate plays a key role in many central pathologies, including gliomas, psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders. Post-mortem and serological studies have implicated glutamatergic dysregulation in these pathologies, and pharmacological modulation of glutamate receptors and transporters has provided further validation for the involvement of glutamate. Furthermore, efforts from genetic, in vitro, and animal studies are actively elucidating the specific glutamatergic mechanisms that contribute to the aetiology of central pathologies.

Posttraumatic stress disorder in a Serbian community: seven years after trauma exposure.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop as a serious long-term consequence of traumatic experiences, even many years after trauma exposure. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of lifetime and current PTSD as well as to detect the most stressful life events and sociodemographic risk factors of PTSD in a general adult Serbian population. The sample consisted of 640 subjects chosen by random walk technique in five regions of the country.

[Dynamics of returning the injured and ill to military and work responsibilities in wartime].

Returning of the injured and diseased to military and working duties in war have been trained and tested in the final training of members of the School of Reserve Medical Officers of the Military Medical Academy in the period 1985-1989. The time of returning of the injured and diseased members of the armed forces depends directly on the organization of the military medical and public health service, and especially of the preparedness of health personnel, well equipped military medical units and health institutions and the consistent application of the unique military doctrine.

[Organization of the care of the wounded and ill under conditions of nuclear radiation and radioactive contamination].

Organization of management of the wounded and sick has been presented at the joint training of the military medical and public health services under conditions of defense of big cities in daily light, in winter, under unfavourable meteorological conditions. The aim of the training was to check organization and preparedness of all structures of General National Defense in removing consequences after the nuclear plant accident during combat for defense of a big city. General conditions of training, casualty assessment, distribution of casualties according to the spatial distribution of radiation and radioactive contamination are given.