Multiphoton Lithography of Organic Semiconductor Devices for 3D Printing of Flexible Electronic Circuits, Biosensors, and Bioelectronics.

In recent years, 3D printing of electronics have received growing attention due to their potential applications in emerging fields such as nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. Multiphoton lithography (MPL) is considered the state-of-the-art amongst the microfabrication techniques with true 3D fabrication capability owing to its excellent level of spatial and temporal control. Here, a homogenous and transparent photosensitive resin doped with an organic semiconductor material (OS), which is compatible with MPL process, is introduced to fabricate a variety of 3D OS composite microstructures (OSCMs) and microelectronic devices.

Femtosecond Laser 3D-printing of Conductive Microelectronics for Potential Biomedical Applications.

Development of soft and conductive micro devices represents a demanding research topic in various biomedical applications, particularly organic bioelectronics. Among various fabrication methods, two-photon polymerization (2PP) using a wide range of photocurable inks is a promising 3D printing technique for construction of structures in submicron resolution. Herein, we introduce a novel conductive photosensitive resin by using poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate), and fabricate 3D conductive polymeric microstructures via 2PP.

Electrospinning of Highly Aligned Fibers for Drug Delivery Applications.

Electrospinning is a straightforward, cost-effective, and versatile technique for fabrication of polymeric micro/nanofibers with tunable structural properties. Controlling the size, shape, and spatial orientation of the electrospun fibers is crucial for utilization in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. In this study, for the first time, we systematically investigate the effect of processing parameters, including voltage, syringe needle gauge, angular velocity of rotating wheel, syringe-collector distance, and flow rate on the size and alignment of electrospun PLGA fibers.

Aligned Conducting Polymer Nanotubes for Neural Prostheses.

The long-term performance of neural microelectrodes relies on biocompatibility and sensitivity of the electrode-tissue interface. Current neural electrodes are limited by poor electrical performance including high initial impedance and low charge storage capacity. In addition, they are mechanically hard which causes cellular reactive response to the implanted electrode.

Conducting polymer microcontainers for biomedical applications.

Advancement in the development of metallic-based implantable micro-scale bioelectronics has been limited by low signal to noise ratios and low charge injection at electrode-tissue interfaces. Further, implantable electrodes lose their long-term functionality because of unfavorable reactive tissue responses. Thus, substantial incentive exists to produce bioelectronics capable of delivering therapeutic compounds while improving electrical performance.

Conducting Polymer Microcups for Organic Bioelectronics and Drug Delivery Applications.

An ideal neural device enables long-term, sensitive, and selective communication with the nervous system. To accomplish this task, the material interface should mimic the biophysical and the biochemical properties of neural tissue. By contrast, microfabricated neural probes utilize hard metallic conductors, which hinder their long-term performance because these materials are not intrinsically similar to soft neural tissue.