Production of Intestinal Mucins, sIgA, and Metallothionein after Administration of Zinc and Infection of in Chickens: Preliminary Data.

The effect of inorganic zinc and Ascaridia galli infection was studied on MUC1, MUC2 (mucin), sIgA (secretory immunoglobulin A), and metallothionein in the intestines of broilers. Thirty-five-day-old chickens (n = 24), COBB 500 breed, were included in a 14-day experiment. Chickens were divided into 4 groups of 6 chickens each: control ©, Ascaridia galli (AG), Zinc group (Zn), and combined group (AG + Zn).

Fowl adenovirus-induced different manifestations of the disease in two consecutive chicken breeding flocks in a poultry hall.

This study investigated an adenovirus infection in two consecutive breeding flocks in the same poultry hall. Thirty-six thousand one-day-old chickens of the ROSS 308 hybrid broiler type were kept together in one hall. The chickens in the first breeding flock during fattening did not show any clinical signs of the disease or increased mortality.

The Effect of AL41 on the Acute Phase Proteins and Selected Mucosal Immune Molecules in Broiler Chickens.

Probiotic bacteria, including the strain, can improve intestinal mucosal health by several mechanisms, including modulation of the immune response, as well as by improving the protective function of the epithelial barrier. In this study, we tested the effect of AL41 on the acute phase proteins response (blood), gene expression of selected molecules of mucosal immunity (immunoglobulin A, mucin-2, insulin-like growth factor 2) and mucus production (all parts of the small intestine) in broilers. Eighty broiler chicks were divided into two groups: a control and AL41 (birds were inoculated with AL41 for 7 days) group.

Influence of Immune Parameters after AL41 Administration and Infection in Chickens.

Immune response of day-old chicks infected with Enteritidis PT4 and preventive administration of AL41 were studied using hematology and flow cytometry of immunocompetent cells in blood, cecum, bursa and spleen for 11 days, and included 220 animals divided into four groups (n = 55). AL41 was administered for 7 days to EF and EFSE groups and on day 4 SE and EFSE groups were infected with Enteritidis. Values of monocytes at 4 dpi significantly increased in EFSE and lymphocytes at 7 dpi in EF groups.

The Probiotic Biocenol CCM 7514 Moderates -Induced Body Weight Impairment by Improving Gut Morphometry and Regulating Cecal Cytokine Abundance in Broiler Chickens.

This research was conducted to investigate if the administration of the probiotic could influence body weight, intestinal morphometry and the cecal cytokine response in -infected chickens. Seventy-two 1-day old COBB 500 male chicks were allocated randomly into four experimental groups. (I) Control group (C), in which chicks were left untreated.

Effects of Supplementation on Body Weight and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in -Challenged Chickens.

Due to the interest in using probiotic bacteria in poultry production, this research was focused on evaluating the effects of Biocenol CCM 7514 administration on body weight gain and cytokine gene expression in chickens challenged with . One-hundred and eight 1-day old COBB 500 broiler chickens were equally assigned to four experimental groups at random. In the control group (C) chicks were left untreated, whereas in groups LB and LBCj a suspension of was administered.

Cytokine response after stimulation of culture cells by zinc and probiotic strain.

Intestinal porcine epithelial cells were used for an in vitro analysis of mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-18) and transcriptional factors (MyD88 and NF-κβ). Cells were exposed to inorganic and organic zinc sources (in two different concentrations-50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L) alone or combined with Lactobacillus reuteri B6/1, which was also applied individually. The total exposure time was 4 h.

The influence of Farmatan® and Flimabend® on the mucosal immunity of broiler chicken1.

The aim of the present study was to monitor selected parameters of mucosal immunity in jejunum and ileum (immunoglobulin A [IgA], mucin 2 [MUC-2], and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in commercial broiler farm chicken after treatment with flubendazole (Flimabend®) and natural extract from chestnut wood (Farmatan®). A total of 24 forty-day-old Kalimero-Super Master hybrid chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 6): the Fli group received Flimabend® per os, 100 mg/g suspension in 1.43 mg of active substance/kg body weight during 7 d of experiment; the Far group received Farmatan®per os at 0.

Influence of oral application of Enterococcus faecium AL41 on TGF-β4 and IL-17 expression and immunocompetent cell distribution in chickens challenged with Campylobacter jejuni.

Campylobacteriosis is mainly caused by infection with Campylobacter jejuni following consumption or handling of Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecium AL41 on TGF-β4 and IL-17 expression and on immunocompetent cell distribution after C. jejuni infection in broiler chicken, as a second part of the previous study of Karaffová et al.

One-year oral toxicity study on a genetically modified maize MON810 variety in Wistar Han RCC rats (EU 7th Framework Programme project GRACE).

The GRACE (GMO Risk Assessment and Communication of Evidence; www.grace-fp7.eu ) project was funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme.

IgA gene expression and quantification of cecal IgA+, IgM+, and CD4+ cells in chickens treated with EFAL41 and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis.

IgA gene expression and quantification of mucous IgA+, IgM+ and CD4+ lymphocytes in the cecum of chicks was studied by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. A total of 220 1-day-old Salmonella-free chicks of Cobb 500 were divided into four groups (n=55). Group 1 served as control (C), group 2 was pretreated with probiotic bacterial strain Enterococus faecium AL41 (EFAL41), group 3 was infected with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE), and group 4 was pretreated with E.

Interaction of TGF-β4 and IL-17 with IgA secretion in the intestine of chickens fed with E. faecium AL41 and challenged with S. Enteritidis.

The relative mRNA expression of IgA, TGF-β4, IL-17, and concentration of secretory IgA (sIgA) in small intestine of chickens pretreated with Enterococcus faecium AL41 and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 were studied. Salmonella-free day-old chicks (40) Cobb 500 breed, were divided into four groups of 10 chicks each (n = 10): control (C), treated with E. faecium AL41 strain (EFAL41), challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE), and combined (EFAL41+SE).

Ninety-day oral toxicity studies on two genetically modified maize MON810 varieties in Wistar Han RCC rats (EU 7th Framework Programme project GRACE).

The GMO Risk Assessment and Communication of Evidence (GRACE; www.grace-fp7.eu ) project is funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme.

Effect of lignin supplementation of a diet contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on blood and intestinal lymphocyte subpopulations in chickens.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of lignin supplementation of a diet contaminated with the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) on peripheral blood leukocytes and duodenal immunocompetent cells in broiler chickens. From day 1 after hatching, all chickens were fed an identical control diet for two weeks. Then chickens of Group 1 continued to be fed the control diet, whereas Group 2 was fed the same diet supplemented with lignin at 0.

Dynamics of antibody response and viraemia following natural infection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in a conventional pig herd.

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is a primary agent of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), ubiquitous in pig herds. The course of viraemia and seroconversion in naturally infected pigs were investigated in piglets from the 2nd week of their life. Piglets were divided into seropositive (Ab(+)) and seronegative (Ab(-)) groups.

The effects of sage extract feed supplementation on biochemical parameters, weight of internal organs and Salmonella counts in chickens.

We investigated the effects of dietary addition of sage extract on the biochemical parameters, weight of some body organs and changes in the counts of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE) in experimentally infected chickens. The following diets were used: basal diet, basal diet with addition of an extract of Salvia officinalis L. (S), basal diet and SE, and basal diet and S and SE (SSE).

Leukocytic responses and intestinal mucin dynamics of broilers protected with Enterococcus faecium EF55 and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis.

The protective effect of Enterococcus faecium EF55 in chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 (SE PT4) was assessed. The antibacterial effect on the bacterial microflora in the small intestine in relation to white blood cell count, phenotyping of peripheral blood and intestinal lymphocytes, functional activity of lymphocytes and phagocytes and mucin quantitation were investigated. Day-old chicks (85) were randomly divided into four groups.

Effects of equal daily doses delivered by different power densities of low-level laser therapy at 670 nm on open skin wound healing in normal and corticosteroid-treated rats: a brief report.

The optimal parameters for low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for wound healing are still open to discussion. Hence, our study was aimed at comparing the effects of different power densities of LLLT at 670 nm in rats. Four round full-thickness skin wounds were placed on the backs of 16 rats which were divided into two groups (non-steroid and steroid-treated).

Antimicrobial activity of Enterococcus faecium ef 55 against Salmonella enteritidis in chicks.

The protective effect of Enterococcus faecium EF 55 against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 (SE PT4) was studied in 1-day-old chicks. The EF 55 strain (isolated and characterised by the authors earlier) was applied daily (1.10(9) CFU/0.

Sensitivity of Borrelia genospecies to serum complement from different animals and human: a host-pathogen relationship.

Different Borrelia species and serotypes were tested for their sensitivity to serum complement from various animals and human. Complement-mediated Borrelia killing in cattle, European bison and deer was higher irrespective of the Borrelia species whereas in other animals and human it was intermediate and Borrelia species-dependent. Activation of the alternative complement pathway by particular Borrelia strain was in correlation with its sensitivity or resistance.

Prevalence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in horses in the Israel.

Infection with the intracellular microsporidium Encephalitozoon cuniculi can cause a serious disease--encephalitozoonosis in various animals and people. Several species of mammals, including the horse, were seem to be potential sources of encephalitozoonosis for animal as well as human hosts. The disease diagnosis is based on clinical signs, pathological findings, and the detection of E.

Urinary selenium excretion in selenite-loaded sheep and subsequent Se dynamics in blood constituents.

Renal selenium excretion in sheep was measured during intravenous infusion of sodium selenite, and the post-infusion dynamics of Se levels in whole blood, plasma and red blood cells (RBC) were investigated for the next 5 days. The plasma Se level increased almost twenty fold with the infusion of Na2SeO3 (from 0.39 +/- 0.

Differences in the development of the small intestine between gnotobiotic and conventionally bred piglets.

The effects of age, weaning and breeding conditions on the small intestinal morphology and the distribution of immunocompetent cells were investigated. The villus height and numbers of CD3+ T-lymphocytes, measured in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, were determined in both the gnotobiotic and conventionally bred piglets. The diet of gnotobiotic piglets was composed of milk-replacement and feed mixtures.

The influence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 pufa) on lactobacilli adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and on immunity in gnotobiotic piglets.

The effect of application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) on intestinal colonization by Lactobacillus paracasei and on cellular immunity has been investigated in gnotobiotic pigs. The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids positively affected the adhesion of Lactobacillus paracasei to the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets. When compared to the control group, the number of Lactobacillus paracasei adhering to the jejunal mucosa was by 12% higher in piglets of the experimental group (5.

T lymphocyte subpopulations and B lymphocyte cells in caecum and spleen of chicks infected with Salmonella enteritidis.

The effect of low and high doses of Salmonella enteritidis PT4 (SE) on immunocompetent cells in caecum and spleen of one-day-old chicks was investigated. Subsets of T lymphocytes positive for CD3, CD4, CD8 and B lymphocytes (Bu1b-positive cells) were counted in the caecum after immunohistochemical staining and the relative percentage of these cells in the spleen was analysed using a FACScan cytometer on days 7, 10, 14, 21, and 27 post-inoculation (pi). In the low dose group, the number of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in the caecum had significantly increased at day 10 pi.