Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone syndrome in a 10-year-old girl with a thymic neuroendocrine tumor: a case report.

Background: Thymic neuroendocrine tumor as a cause of Cushing syndrome is extremely rare in children.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with typical symptoms and signs of hypercortisolemia, including bone fractures, growth retardation, and kidney stones. The patient was managed with oral ketoconazole, during which she experienced adrenal insufficiency, possibly due to either cyclic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion or concurrent COVID-19 infection.

Hand2 Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Paragangliomas and Other Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Hand2 is a core transcription factor responsible for chromaffin cell differentiation. However, its potential utility in surgical pathology has not been studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate its expression in paragangliomas, other neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), and additional non-neuroendocrine tumors.

[Levothyroxine suppressive therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer treatment].

Levothyroxine therapy in management of diferentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has been common practice for decades. Levothyroxine is being administered to patiens with DTC after total thyreoidectomy (with or without postopreative radioiodine treatment) not only to restore euthyroidism but to suppress the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) as well because TSH is considered as a growth factor for thyroid follicular cells. However there has been a downside to this threatment recently.

[Differential diagnosis of pituitary enlargement].

Enlargement of the pituitary gland is heterogenous in the etiology. Common causes of pituitary enlargement are physiological hypertrophy during pregnancy, primary and secondary tumors, autoimmune hypophysitis including side effects of anticancer therapy with check-point inhibitors. Terms like hypertrophy, hyperplasia, sellar expansion and hypophysitis are commonly used to describe enlargement of the pituitary gland on MR scan regardless its etiology.

Endocrinological aspects of pituitary adenoma surgery in Europe.

Hormone-secreting adenomas are treated in many neurosurgical centers within Europe. The goal of the survey is to understand variance in practice management of pituitary tumors amongst neurosurgical centers. A list of departments performing pituitary surgery was created.

Safety and efficacy of repeat radiosurgery for acromegaly: an International Multi-Institutional Study.

Purpose: Surgical resection is the first line treatment for growth hormone (GH) secreting tumors. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is recommended for patients who do not achieve endocrine remission after resection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of repeat radiosurgery for acromegaly.

Whole Sella vs Targeted Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Acromegaly: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Targeted stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with sparing of the residual pituitary is the traditional radiosurgical method for pituitary adenomas. Whole-sella SRS is an alternative choice for radiologically indeterminate or large adenomas, the safety and efficacy of which has yet to be determined.

Objective: To determine if whole-sella SRS in acromegaly would have comparable radiographic and biochemical control to targeted SRS.

Hypopituitarism after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: a multicenter, international study.

Objective: Recurrent or residual adenomas are frequently treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS). The most common complication after GKRS for pituitary adenomas is hypopituitarism. In the current study, the authors detail the timing and types of hypopituitarism in a multicenter, international cohort of pituitary adenoma patients treated with GKRS.

Role of gamma knife radiosurgery in the treatment of prolactinomas.

Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery is one of the treatment options for prolactinomas, the most commonly used being Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS). GKRS is indicated mainly in the treatment of dopamine agonist (DA)-resistant prolactinomas. In our study, we report on our experience in treating prolactinoma patients by GKRS.

Serum steroid profiling in Cushing's syndrome patients.

Context: Cushing's syndrome is caused by increased exposure to cortisol. Discrimination of different causes of endogenous hypercortisolism can make a diagnostic dilemma.

Patients And Methods: In serum samples from patients with Cushing's syndrome (47 with Cushing's disease, 6 with ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, 16 with adrenal adenoma, 7 bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) with overt Cushing's syndrome, 42 controls from the general population) using novel method based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) we measured 94 serum steroids to search for steroid fingerprint of each subtype.

Primary versus postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for acromegaly: a multicenter matched cohort study.

Objective: The role of primary stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with medically refractory acromegaly who are not operative candidates or who refuse resection is poorly understood. The aim of this multicenter, matched cohort study was to compare the outcomes of primary versus postoperative SRS for acromegaly.

Methods: The authors reviewed an International Radiosurgery Research Foundation database of 398 patients with acromegaly who underwent SRS and categorized them into primary or postoperative cohorts.

Novel GC-MS/MS Technique Reveals a Complex Steroid Fingerprint of Subclinical Hypercortisolism in Adrenal Incidentalomas.

Context: Improvement of imaging methods has led to more incidental adrenal tumor findings, especially adenomas. Routine hormonal evaluation uses only a few steroids to evaluate possible hormonal hypersecretion of these adenomas, but a wide spectrum of serum steroid hormone changes has not been published.

Objective: To measure the serum levels of 83 steroids from patients with unilateral and bilateral adrenal incidentalomas to uncover full steroid profile changes in patients with subclinical hypercortisolism (SH).

Outcomes After Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Pediatric Patients with Cushing Disease or Acromegaly: A Multi-Institutional Study.

Objective: Pituitary adenomas comprise about 3% of all intracranial tumors in pediatric patients. This study examines the role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of pediatric acromegaly or patients with Cushing disease (CD).

Methods: From an international consortium, we retrospectively collected treatment and outcome data on pediatric adrenocorticotrophic hormone and growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS).

Positive Antithyroid Antibodies and Nonsuppressed TSH Are Associated with Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

The relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid cancer (TC) is a controversial topic; it remains unclear if HT acts as a risk factor of TC. The aim of our study was to compare the presence of HT and thyroid function in patients with TC and benign nodules. We analyzed 2571 patients after fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodule.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Acromegaly: An International Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a treatment option for persistent or recurrent acromegaly secondary to a growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, but its efficacy is inadequately defined.

Objective: To assess, in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, the outcomes of SRS for acromegaly and determine predictors.

Methods: We pooled and analyzed data from 10 participating institutions of the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation for patients with acromegaly who underwent SRS with endocrine follow-up of ≥6 mo.

The response of C19- and some C21-steroids during Synacthen and insulin tolerance test.

Testing of the adrenal function with ACTH 1-24 (Synacthen test) or insulin (insulin tolerance test-ITT) is commonly used. The question of ongoing debate is the dose of Synacthen. Moreover, it may be important from the physiological point of view besides measurement of cortisol levels and 17α-hydroxy-progesterone to know also the response of other steroids to these test.

[Male hypogonadism and its treatment].

Male hypogonadism can be of various etiology and that reflects its clinical manifestation, diagnostics and treatment. Male hypogonadism leads not only to decreased fertility, but influences the cardiovascular system, mood changes, bone fragility, lipids and other metabolic functions. Diagnosis of hypogonadism can be cumbersome, as well as the choice of optimal hormonal supplementation.

Magnetic resonance imaging and histology correlation in Cushing's disease.

Introduction: We continuously look for new techniques to improve the radicality of resection and to eliminate the negative effects of surgery. One of the methods that has been implemented in the perioperative management of Cushing's disease was the combination of three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences: SE, SPGR and fSPGR.

Material And Methods: We enrolled 41 patients (11 males, 30 females) diagnosed with Cushing's disease.

The Response of C19 Δ5-steroids to ACTH Stimulation and Hypoglycemia in Insulin Tolerance Test for Adrenal Insufficiency.

Studies on the time course of ACTH- or insulin-induced hypoglycemia stimulating adrenal androgens are usually limited to dehydroepiandrosterone and/or its sulphate. Our data on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its hydroxylated metabolites clearly show that measurements of DHEA and its sulphate (DHEAS) are valuable markers of the integrity of the HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis. Assessments of HPA function should rely on measurements of baseline and/or stimulated serum cortisol concentrations, and C19 Δ5-steroids may provide additional information.

The role of early cortisol level in the assessment of the radicality of resection in central Cushing's disease.

Introduction: To increase radicality and avoid surgical complications new treatment options are under investigation. One of the promising possibilities is to assess early morning cortisol levels on the first and second postoperative day.

Material And Methods: We enrolled 34 patients (9 males, 25 females) diagnosed with Cushing's disease.

Angiopoietin-like protein 6 in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and anorexia nervosa: The influence of very low-calorie diet, bariatric surgery, and partial realimentation.

Aim Of The Study: Angiopoietin-like protein 6 (ANGPTL6) is a circulating protein with a potential role in energy homeostasis. The aim of the study was to explore the changes in ANGPTL6 levels in patients with obesity (Body mass index, BMI > 40 kg/m) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing dietary intervention (very low calorie diet - VLCD) and in a subgroup of T2DM patients after bariatric surgery. Additionally, we examined changes in ANGPTL6 in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients at baseline and after partial realimentation.

A Comparison of Salivary Steroid Levels during Diagnostic Tests for Adrenal Insufficiency.

Numerous diagnostic tests are used to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). The gold standard is still considered the insulin tolerance test (ITT), but this test has many limitations. Current guidelines therefore recommend the Synacthen test first when an HPA axis insufficiency is suspected.

[Endocrine complications in HIV/AIDS patients].

A number of endocrine abnormalities develop in patients with HIV infection, although many are likely responses to infection, stress, and malnutrition. Others are due to infiltration of endocrine glands by tumor or infection. This article reviews adrenal, testicular, resp.