Physicochemical and Volatile Compounds Analysis of Fruit Wines Fermented with : FTIR and Microscopy Study with Focus on Anti-Inflammatory Potential.

The growing trend in fruit wine production reflects consumers' interest in novel, diverse drinking experiences and the increasing demand for healthier beverage options. Fruit wines made from kiwi, pomegranates, and persimmons fermented using Lalvin strain EC1118 demonstrate the versatility of winemaking techniques. Kiwifruit, persimmon, and pomegranate wines were analyzed using HPLC and GC-TOFMS analyses to determine their concentrations of phenolic acids and volatile compounds.

Impact of litter size on the hematological and iron status of gilts, sows and newborn piglets: a comparative study of domestic pigs and wild boars.

Background: The critically low hepatic iron stores of newborn piglets are considered to be a major cause of neonatal iron deficiency in modern breeds of domestic pig (Sus domestica). The main factor believed to contribute to this phenomenon is large litter size, which has been an objective of selective breeding of pigs for decades. As consequence, iron transferred from the pregnant sow has to be distributed among a greater number of fetuses.

Bioavailability of Macro- and Microelements in Rats Fed Hypercholesterolemic Diets Containing Fruits.

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of different cultivars of (kiwiberry) on the bioavailability of mineral elements and to examine the mineral profile of rats fed atherogenic diets enriched with kiwiberries. The following cultivars of were used: Bingo, M1, Anna, Weiki, Jumbo, and Geneva. Kiwiberry has recently become popular in the market.

Biodegradable Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Doped with Iron as Carriers of Exogenous Iron in the Living Organism.

Iron plays an important role in various crucial processes in the body and its deficiency is considered currently as a serious health problem. Thus, iron supplementation strategies for both humans and animals need to be effective and safe. According to our previous studies, zinc-based nanoparticles provide safe, biodegradable, fast and efficient transport system of orally given substances to the tissues.

Preliminary Studies on Biodegradable Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Doped with Fe as a Potential Form of Iron Delivery to the Living Organism.

Iron is the crucial element for living organisms and its deficiency is described as the most common nutritional disorder all over the world. Nowadays, more effective and safe iron supplementation strategies for both humans and animals become one of the most important challenges in the therapy of nutritional deficiencies. Our previous in vivo studies confirmed safety and biodegradability of in-house manufactured zinc oxide-based nanoparticles and their rapid distribution to majority of organs and tissues in the body.

Thiamine deficiency affects glucose transport and β-oxidation in rats.

Thiamine is recognized as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism responsible for energy production. Animal model of thiamine deficiency (TD) included direct evaluation of glucose uptake by estimation of H-deoxyglucose transport across red blood cells membranes and β-oxidation of fatty acids in isolated leucocytes. Feeding of animals with the thiamine-deficient diet (0.

Assessment of genetically modified soybean MON 87751 for food and feed uses under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-NL-2014-121).

Soybean MON 87751 was developed through -mediated transformation to provide protection certain specific lepidopteran pests by the expression of the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins derived from . The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatic analyses did not identify issues requiring assessment for food and feed safety.

Assessment of genetically modified cotton GHB614 × T304-40 × GHB119 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-NL-2014-122).

The three‐event stack cotton GHB614 × T304‐40 × GHB119 was produced by conventional crossing to combine three single events, GHB614, T304‐40 and GHB119. The genetically modified organisms (GMO) Panel previously assessed the three single cotton events and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single cotton events that could lead to modification of the original conclusions on their safety were identified.

Assessment of genetically modified maize 1507 × NK603 for renewal of authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-RX-008).

Following the submission of application EFSA-GMO-RX-008 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. and Dow AgroSciences LLC, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application for the insect-resistant, herbicide-tolerant genetically modified maize 1507 × NK603, for food and feed uses, import and processing, excluding cultivation within the EU. The data received in the context of this renewal application contained a systematic search and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatic analyses and additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant.

Technical Note on the quality of DNA sequencing for the molecular characterisation of genetically modified plants.

As part of the risk assessment (RA) requirements for genetically modified (GM) plants, according to Regulation (EU) No 503/2013 and the EFSA guidance on the RA of food and feed from GM plants (EFSA GMO Panel, 2011), applicants need to perform a molecular characterisation of the DNA sequences inserted in the GM plant genome. The European Commission has mandated EFSA to develop a technical note to the applicants on, and checking of, the quality of the methodology, analysis and reporting covering complete sequencing of the insert and flanking regions, insertion site analysis of the GM event, and generational stability and integrity. This Technical Note puts together requirements and recommendations for when DNA sequencing is part of the molecular characterisation of GM plants, in particular for the characterisation of the inserted genetic material at each insertion site and flanking regions, the determination of the copy number of all detectable inserts, and the analysis of the genetic stability of the inserts, when addressed by Sanger sequencing or NGS.

Assessment of genetically modified maize Bt11 x MIR162 x 1507 x GA21 and three subcombinations independently of their origin, for food and feed uses under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-DE-2010-86).

In this opinion, the GMO Panel assessed the four-event stack maize Bt11 × MIR162 × 1507 × GA21 and three of its subcombinations, independently of their origin. The GMO Panel previously assessed the four single events and seven of their combinations and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events or the seven subcombinations leading to modification of the original conclusions were identified.

Assessment of genetically modified maize MON 87411 for food and feed uses, import and processing, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-NL-2015-124).

Maize MON 87411 was developed to confer resistance to corn rootworms ( spp.) by the expression of a modified version of the gene and a DvSnf7 dsRNA expression cassette, and tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides by the expression of a CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase () gene. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatics analyses did not identify issues requiring assessment for food and feed safety.

Assessment of genetically modified maize 4114 for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-NL-2014-123).

Maize 4114 was developed through -mediated transformation to provide protection against certain lepidopteran and coleopteran pests by expression of the Cry1F, Cry34Ab1 and Cry35Ab1 proteins derived from , and tolerance to the herbicidal active ingredient glufosinate-ammonium by expression of the PAT protein derived from . The molecular characterisation data did not identify issues requiring assessment for food/feed safety. None of the compositional, agronomic and phenotypic differences identified between maize 4114 and the non-genetically modified (GM) comparator(s) required further assessment.

Assessment of genetically modified cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25 × MON 15985 for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-NL-2011-94).

The three-event stack cotton GHB614 × LLCotton25 × MON 15985 was produced by conventional crossing to combine three single cotton events, GHB614, LLCotton25 and MON 15985. The EFSA GMO Panel previously assessed the three single events and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events that could lead to modification of the original conclusions on their safety were identified.

Statement complementing the EFSA Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-DE-2011-95) for the placing on the market of genetically modified maize 5307 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Crop Protection AG taking into consideration an additional toxicological study.

The GMO Panel was previously not in the position to complete the food/feed safety assessment of maize 5307 due to an inadequate 28-day toxicity study necessary for an appropriate assessment of eCry3.1Ab protein. Following a mandate from the European Commission, the GMO Panel assessed a supplementary 28-day toxicity study in mice on the eCry3.

Assessment of genetically modified maize MON 87403 for food and feed uses, import and processing, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-BE-2015-125).

Maize MON 87403 was developed to increase ear biomass at early reproductive phase through the expression of a modified gene from , encoding a plant transcription factor of the HD-Zip II family. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatic analyses did not identify issues requiring assessment for food and feed safety. No statistically significant differences in the agronomic and phenotypic characteristics tested between maize MON 87403 and its conventional counterpart were identified.

Assessment of genetically modified maize NK603 x MON810 for renewal of authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-RX-007).

Following the submission of application EFSA-GMO-RX-007 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application of the herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant genetically modified maize NK603 x MON810. The data received in the context of this renewal application contained post-market environmental monitoring reports, a systematic search and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatic analyses, and additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant. The GMO Panel assessed these data for possible new hazards, modified exposure or new scientific uncertainties identified during the authorisation period and not previously assessed in the context of the original application.

Risk assessment of information on the subcombination Bt11 × 1507 × GA21, related to the application of Syngenta (EFSA-GMO-DE-2011-99) for authorisation of food and feed containing, consisting and produced from genetically modified maize Bt11 × 59122 × MIR604 × 1507 × GA21.

The GMO Panel has previously assessed the single events Bt11, 59122, MIR604, 1507 and GA21 as well as different stacked events corresponding to combinations of these events and no safety concerns were identified. In its assessment of the five-event maize stack Bt11 × 59122 × MIR604 × 1507 × GA21 (application EFSA-GMO-DE-2011-99), the GMO Panel also assessed all the subcombinations of these events not previously assessed, including some for which little or no experimental data were provided, including the three-event stack Bt11 × 1507 × GA21. In line with Article 5 of the decision for authorisation of application EFSA-GMO-DE-2011-99, the European Commission received from Syngenta information on the levels of the newly expressed proteins in subcombination Bt11 × 1507 × GA21 and tasked EFSA to analyse these data and to indicate whether they have an impact on the previously issued opinion on the five-event stack Bt11 × 59122 × MIR604 × 1507 × GA21 and its subcombinations.

Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape MS8, RF3 and MS8×RF3 for renewal of authorisation under regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-RX-004).

Following the submission of application EFSA-GMO-RX-004 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application of the genetically modified (GM) herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape MS8, RF3 and MS8×RF3. The data received in the context of this renewal application contain post-market environmental monitoring reports, systematic searches and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatics analyses, and additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant. The GMO Panel assessed these data for possible new hazards, modified exposure or new scientific uncertainties identified during the authorisation period and not previously assessed in the context of the original application.

Assessment of genetically modified maize 1507 × 59122 × MON810 × NK603 and subcombinations, for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-NL-2011-92).

In this opinion, the GMO Panel assessed the four-event stack maize 1507 × 59122 ×  MON810 ×  NK603 and its ten subcombinations, independently of their origin. The GMO Panel previously assessed the four single events combined in this four-event stack maize and five of their combinations and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events or their previously assessed combinations leading to modification of the original conclusions were identified.

Guidance for the risk assessment of the presence at low level of genetically modified plant material in imported food and feed under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003.

This document provides guidance for the risk assessment under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the unintended, adventitious or technically unavoidable presence in food and feed of low level of genetically modified plant material intended for markets other than in the European Union. In this context, the presence at low level is defined to be maximum 0.9% of genetically modified plant material per ingredient.

Assessment of genetically modified sugar beet H7-1 for renewal of authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-RX-006).

Following the submission of application EFSA-GMO-RX-006 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from KWS SAAT SE and Monsanto Company, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application for the herbicide-tolerant genetically modified sugar beet H7-1. The data received in the context of this renewal application contained a systematic search and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatics analyses and additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant. The GMO Panel assessed these data for possible new hazards, modified exposure or new scientific uncertainties identified during the authorisation period and not previously assessed in the context of the original application.

Assessment of genetically modified maize GA21 for renewal of authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-RX-005).

Following the submission of application EFSA-GMO-RX-005 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Crop Protection NV/SA, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application of the herbicide-tolerant genetically modified maize GA21. The data received in the context of this renewal application contained post-market environmental monitoring reports, a systematic search and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatics analyses, and additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant. The GMO Panel assessed these data for possible new hazards, modified exposure or new scientific uncertainties identified during the authorisation period and not previously assessed in the context of the original application.

Safety and nutritional value of a dried killed bacterial biomass from (FERM BP-10942) (PT73 (TM)) as a feed material for pigs, ruminants and salmonids.

PT73 (TM) is a dried, heat-inactivated bacterial biomass used as a feed material produced from an K-12 strain, which was genetically modified to overproduce threonine. The recipient organism MG 1655 is considered to be safe. The traits introduced in the final modified strain FERM BP-10942 are mainly limited to the overproduction of threonine.

Safety and nutritional value of a dried killed bacterial biomass from (FERM BP-10941) (PL73 (LM)) as a feed material for pigs, ruminants and salmonids.

PL73 (LM) is a dried, heat-inactivated bacterial biomass used as a feed material produced from an   K-12 strain, which was genetically modified to overproduce lysine. The recipient organism K-12S B-7 is considered to be safe. The traits introduced in the final modified strain FERM BP-10941 are mainly limited to the overproduction of lysine.