The Use of Microwave Treatment as a Sustainable Technology for the Drying of Metallurgical Sludge.

The modern metallurgical industry produces approximately 90% of the volume of all produced steel; for this, integrated technology based on fossil materials such as coal, fluxes, and especially iron ore is used. This industry generates large amounts of waste and by-products at almost all stages of production. Alternative iron and steel production technologies based on iron ore, methane, or pure hydrogen are also not waste-free.

Utilization of High-Zn Content Ferrous Landfill Sludge with the Use of Hydrogen.

Sludge, due to its form and significant moisture and zinc content, is the most problematic metallurgical waste. Near the site of a disused steelworks plant in Krakow (Poland) there is an estimated 5 million tonnes of landfill sludge that consists of more than 90% iron and other metal oxides. There is a global tendency to switch steel production towards carbonless technologies, which is why the presented work investigates the possibility of simultaneous waste liquidation and recovery of valuable metals with the use of hydrogenous reduction.

Calculation of Coke Layers Situation in the Cohesive Zone of Blast Furnace.

Coke is the only batch component that does not soften in blast furnace thermal conditions. It is especially important at the temperatures of the cohesive zone forming because coke layers are the only gas-permeable charge. The aim of the work described in this article is the identification of individual coke layers situation in the cohesive zone.