The Effects of a Blend of Essential Oils in the Milk of Suckling Calves on Performance, Immune and Antioxidant Systems, and Intestinal Microbiota.

The objective of the present study was to determine whether the addition of a blend based on the essential oils of cinnamon, oregano, and eucalyptus to the liquid diets of calves would stimulate the immune system combined with anti-inflammatory action, minimize oxidative responses, and alter the intestinal microbiota, consequently enhancing animal growth. Twenty-four male Holstein calves (approximately five days old) were suckled for 60 days, underwent a weaning process, and were followed up until day 75 of the experiment. The calves were divided into control ( = 12) and phytobiotic ( = 12) groups, receiving commercial milk replacer and pelleted concentrate ad libitum.

Combination of Phytoactives in the Diet of Lactating Jersey Cows: Effects on Productive Efficiency, Milk Composition and Quality, Ruminal Environment, and Animal Health.

This study's objective was to evaluate whether adding a combination of phytoactive (microencapsulated essential oils, minerals, turmeric extract, tannin, prebiotic, and probiotic) to the feed of lactating Jersey cows positively affects the production, composition, and quality of milk, rumen environment, and animal health. Fourteen Jersey cows were divided into two groups (control and phytogenic) for an experiment with two lactation phases of 45 days each (early lactation and mid-lactation). During the experiment, milk production was higher at various times in cows that consumed phytoactive, and these animals had the best feed efficiency.

Influence of HLA-A, B, and -DRB1 genes and panel-reactive antibodies on the waitlist time for kidney transplantation in the state of Sao Paulo-Brazil.

Background: Brazil ranks second in the absolute number of transplants. However, the supply remains insufficient to meet the demands, resulting in a lengthy waitlist. This study aimed to analyze whether the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the value of calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) would influence the waiting time for kidney transplantation.

Capra hircus outliers markers in Brazil: Searching for genomic regions under the action of natural selection.

Identifying genome regions subject to selection in local breeds of Brazil is an opportunity to elucidate the C. hircus genome plasticity, flowing the colonization history of the country. Using SNP Bead Chip Illumina 50K genotyping of Brazilian Anglo-Nubian (standardized breed) and Marota (local endangered population from the semiarid area of Brazil) to show outliers loci in genome regions subject to selection.

Genetic Structure and Biodiversity in Wild and in Wild and Recently Domesticated Populations.

(common snook) and (fat snook) have a wide distribution from southern Florida to southern Brazil. Due to their value as a food source, these species have been heavily exploited through predatory fishing, posing a conservation challenge. To assess their genetic diversity and population structure, we used microsatellite markers.

Genetic and chemodiversity in native populations of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi along the Brazilian Atlantic forest.

Schinus terebinthifolia is a species native to different ecoregions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The plant is listed on the National Relation of Medicinal Plants and recommended as phytomedicine, however while extractive exploitation prevails as the main route of raw material a significant variation of compounds will be detected. To assure the expansion of productive chain it is important to start by studying population diversity and chemical variations.

Assessing Diversity, Infection and Blood Meal Sources in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from a Brazilian Zoological Park with Avian Malaria Transmission.

Avian malaria parasites are widespread parasites transmitted by Culicidae insects belonging to different genera. Even though several studies have been conducted recently, there is still a lack of information about potential vectors of parasites, especially in Neotropical regions. Former studies with free-living and captive animals in São Paulo Zoo showed the presence of several and species.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli genetic variability assessed by new developed microsatellites.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop) J.

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in , a native plant of the Cerrado ecoregions of South America.

Premise: A novel set of nuclear microsatellite markers was developed and characterized for (Myrtaceae) and tested for cross-amplification in the related species .

Methods And Results: Forty-one primer pairs were designed for simple sequence repeat loci, of which 36 successfully amplified and were polymorphic. The number of alleles ranged from two to 14, with an average of 8.

Genetic ancestry effects on the distribution of toll-like receptors (TLRs) gene polymorphisms in a population of the Atlantic Forest, São Paulo, Brazil.

The innate immune system governed by toll-like receptors (TLRs) provides the first line of defense against pathogens. Surface-localized TLR1 and TLR6 are known to detect parasite components. TLR encoding genes were shown to display signatures of recent positive selection in Europeans and might be involved in local adaptation at immune-related genes.

Genetic diversity and structure of Brazilian ginger germplasm (Zingiber officinale) revealed by AFLP markers.

Ginger is a vegetable with medicinal and culinary properties widely cultivated in the Southern and Southeastern Brazil. The knowledge of ginger species' genetic variability is essential to direct correctly future studies of conservation and genetic improvement, but in Brazil, little is known about this species' genetic variability. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and structure of 55 Brazilian accessions and 6 Colombian accessions of ginger, using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) molecular markers.

Characterization of Genetic Variability and Population Structure of the Tick Amblyomma aureolatum (Acari: Ixodidae).

The hard tick Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas) is a vector of the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiologic agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) in parts of Brazil. Despite its wide distribution in southeastern South America and its public health importance, there is no information about genetic variation of this species that might help to understand the epidemiology of BSF. Using data from eight microsatellite markers and ticks from six localities, we used a population genetics approach to test the hypothesis that tick populations from areas with the presence of R.

HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype diversity in a cohort of Brazilian renal transplant candidates.

The distribution of organs for renal transplant depends on HLA matching between donor and recipient. This study aimed to characterize the allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 in a cohort of renal transplant candidates populations in the region of Sao José do Rio Preto (State of São Paulo), to compare the allele frequencies between Caucasian and Black in that region, as well as to compare these frequencies with different Brazilian populations reported. The HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 allele and haplotypes frequencies were analyzed in a sample of 2.

Characterization of microsatellite markers for Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae).

Premise Of The Study: Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) is a native plant of the Atlantic Forest that is used for the production of essential oil. Microsatellite markers were developed for this species to investigate the genetic diversity of three natural populations.

Methods And Results: Seventeen out of 27 microsatellite loci identified in a genomic library used for the characterization of 315 individuals derived from three natural populations of B.

Microsatellite markers isolated from Cabomba aquatica s.l. (Cabombaceae) from an enriched genomic library.

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite primers were designed for the submersed aquatic plant Cabomba aquatica s.l. (Cabombaceae) and characterized to estimate genetic diversity parameters.

Elevation as a barrier: genetic structure for an Atlantic rain forest tree (Bathysa australis) in the Serra do Mar mountain range, SE Brazil.

Distance and discrete geographic barriers play a role in isolating populations, as seed and pollen dispersal become limited. Nearby populations without any geographic barrier between them may also suffer from ecological isolation driven by habitat heterogeneity, which may promote divergence by local adaptation and drift. Likewise, elevation gradients may influence the genetic structure and diversity of populations, particularly those marginally distributed.

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Piptadenia gonoacantha (Fabaceae).

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Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite primers were designed for Piptadenia gonoacantha (Fabaceae) and characterized to estimate genetic diversity parameters. The species is a native tree from the Atlantic Forest biome commonly used in forest restoration; it has medicinal potential and the wood is economically useful. •

Methods And Results: Twenty-eight microsatellite loci were identified from an enriched genomic library.

Development and characterization of 47 novel microsatellite markers for Vellozia squamata (Velloziaceae).

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Premise Of The Study: We developed and validated microsatellite primers for Vellozia squamata (Velloziaceae), an endemic species of the cerrado (Brazilian savannas), to investigate the influence of different fire regimes on its genetic diversity and population structure. •

Methods And Results: Using a selective hybridization method, we tested 51 SSR loci using a natural population of V. squamata and obtained 47 amplifiable loci.

Development of microsatellite markers for Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae), a typical species of the Brazilian cerrado.

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite primers were developed to investigate genetic diversity and population structure of Qualea grandiflora, a typical species of the Brazilian cerrado.

Methods And Results: Eight microsatellite loci were isolated using an enrichment cloning protocol. These loci were tested on a population of 110 individuals of Q.

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Hebanthe eriantha (Amaranthaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Hebanthe eriantha (Amaranthaceae) is extensively collected and used in folk medicine. Microsatellite markers were developed and characterized to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of germplasm collections of this species.

Methods And Results: Eleven highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed.

Development of a novel set of microsatellite markers for castor bean, Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae).

Premise Of Study: Microsatellite primers were developed for castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to investigate genetic diversity and population structure, and to provide support to germplasm management.

Methods And Results: Eleven microsatellite loci were isolated using an enrichment cloning protocol and used to characterize castor bean germplasm from the collection at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC).