C-peptide: an essential ally in microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Background: In order to investigate microvascular complications in metabolic diseases, we aimed to investigate cerebral and peripheral microcirculation in relation to peripheral neuropathy and laboratory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.

Methods: Based on the degree of neuropathy (NP), study participants (40 T2DM and 30 obese individuals) were classified into no-NP, mild-NP and severe-NP subgroups. After the injection of Technetium-99 m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime, both T2DM and obese participants underwent single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography ([99mTc]Tc-HMPAO SPECT/CT) and SPECT-only examinations to assess lower limb and brain perfusion; respectively.

Left hemispheric epilepsy is more frequent and has worse clinical course that right hemispheric epilepsy.

Introduction: Few studies demonstrated that focal epilepsy (FE) with left hemispheric (LH) seizure onset is more frequent than with right hemispheric (RH) seizure onset. In addition, patients with LH seizure onset show worse clinical course compared to those with RH seizure onset. The aim of our study was to investigate both issues in a great cohort of FE patients.

Impact of Fat Distribution and Metabolic Diseases on Cerebral Microcirculation: A Multimodal Study on Type 2 Diabetic and Obese Patients.

: Since metabolic diseases and atherosclerotic vascular events are firmly associated, herein we investigate changes in central microcirculation and atherosclerosis-related body fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Resting brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ([Tc]Tc-HMPAO SPECT) was performed, and the breath-holding index (BHI) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured to characterise central microcirculation. Besides CT-based abdominal fat tissue segmentation, C-peptide level, glycaemic and anthropometric parameters were registered to search for correlations with cerebral blood flow and vasoreactivity.

Examination of the Complex Molecular Landscape in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

The escalating prevalence of metabolic disorders, notably type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, presents a critical global health challenge, necessitating deeper insights into their molecular underpinnings. Our study integrates proteomics and metabolomics analyses to delineate the complex molecular landscapes associated with T2D and obesity. Leveraging data from 130 subjects, including individuals with T2D and obesity as well as healthy controls, we elucidate distinct molecular signatures and identify novel biomarkers indicative of disease progression.

Evaluation of Brain [F]F-FDG Uptake Pattern Under Different Anaesthesia Protocols.

Background/aim: Since the use of anaesthetics has the drawback of altering radiotracer distribution, preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging findings of anaesthetised animals must be carefully handled. This study aimed at assessing the cerebral [F]F-FDG uptake pattern in healthy Wistar rats under four different anaesthesia protocols using microPET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations.

Materials And Methods: Post-injection of 15±1.

Comparative Analysis of Differential Cellular Transcriptome and Proteome Regulation by HIV-1 and HIV-2 Pseudovirions in the Early Phase of Infection.

In spite of the similar structural and genomic organization of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), striking differences exist between them in terms of replication dynamics and clinical manifestation of infection. Although the pathomechanism of HIV-1 infection is well characterized, relatively few data are available regarding HIV-2 viral replication and its interaction with host-cell proteins during the early phase of infection. We utilized proteo-transcriptomic analyses to determine differential genome expression and proteomic changes induced by transduction with HIV-1/2 pseudovirions during 8, 12 and 26 h time-points in HEK-293T cells.

[Coding of laboratory parameters using the LOINC system at the Clinical Center of the University of Debrecen].

Introduction: The research utility of the bulk of the medical data generated at the Clinical Center of the University of Debrecen, which is constituted mainly by the clinical diagnostic laboratory results and medical images, is quite constrained in its present unstandardized form. The primary aim of the Big Data Research and Development project at the University of Debrecen is to facilitate data transformation and standardization to propagate its research utility for the potential end-users. Data generated in the in vitro diagnostic laboratory setting are an ideal candidate for the aforementioned goals.

Central Nervous System Involvement in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Narrative Review of MRI Findings.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is one of the numerous extraglandular manifestations of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Moreover, neurological complaints precede the sicca symptoms in 25-60% of the cases. We review the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions typical for pSS, involving the conventional examination, volumetric and morphometric studies, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state fMRI.

Oxyhemoglobin and Cerebral Blood Flow Transients Detect Infarction in Rat Focal Brain Ischemia.

Spreading depolarizations (SD) refer to the near-complete depolarization of neurons that is associated with brain injuries such as ischemic stroke. The present gold standard for SD monitoring in humans is invasive electrocorticography (ECoG). A promising non-invasive alternative to ECoG is diffuse optical monitoring of SD-related flow and hemoglobin transients.

Epileptic diathesis: An EEG-LORETA study.

Objective: Epileptic diathesis is an inherited neurophysiological trait that contributes to the development of all types of epilepsy. The amount of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) theta activity is proportional to the degree of cortical excitability and epileptic diathesis. Our aim was to explore the amount and topographic distribution of theta activity in epilepsy groups.

Topological dissimilarities of hierarchical resting networks in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is reported to cause widespread changes in brain function, leading to cognitive impairments. Research using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data already aims to understand functional changes in complex brain connectivity systems. However, no previous studies with dynamic causal modelling (DCM) tried to investigate large-scale effective connectivity in diabetes.

Imaging of Neo-angiogenesis of Transplanted Metastases in Subrenal Capsule Assay Induced Rat Model.

Background/aim: Changes in the expression of neo-angiogenic molecules in the primary tumor and its metastases may significantly affect the efficacy of therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations in aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) and αβ integrin receptor expression in serially transplanted mesoblastic nephroma tumor (Ne/De) metastases using Gallium (Ga)-labeled NOTA-cNGR and NODAGA-RGD radiotracers and preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

Materials And Methods: Primary and metastatic mesoblastic nephroma (Ne/De) tumors were induced by subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) in Fischer-344 rats.

PET/MRI in the Presurgical Evaluation of Patients with Epilepsy: A Concordance Analysis.

The aim of our prospective study was to evaluate the clinical impact of hybrid [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging ([F]-FDG PET/MRI) on the decision workflow of epileptic patients with discordant electroclinical and MRI data. A novel mathematical model was introduced for a clinical concordance calculation supporting the classification of our patients by subgroups of clinical decisions. Fifty-nine epileptic patients with discordant clinical and diagnostic results or MRI negativity were included in this study.

Metabolomic Analysis of Serum and Tear Samples from Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Metabolomics strategies are widely used to examine obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with obesity ( = 31) or T2D ( = 26) and sex- and age-matched controls ( = 28) were recruited, and serum and tear samples were collected. The concentration of 23 amino acids and 10 biogenic amines in serum and tear samples was analyzed.

Sex Differences of Periaqueductal Grey Matter Functional Connectivity in Migraine.

The existence of "sex phenotype" in migraine is a long-standing scientific question. Fluctuations of female sex hormones contribute to migraine attacks, and women also have enhanced brain activity during emotional processing and their functional brain networks seem to be more vulnerable to migraine-induced disruption compared to men. Periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) is a core region of pain processing and modulation networks with possible sex-related implications in migraine.

Association of plasma tryptophan concentration with periaqueductal gray matter functional connectivity in migraine patients.

Altered periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) functional connectivity contributes to brain hyperexcitability in migraine. Although tryptophan modulates neurotransmission in PAG projections through its metabolic pathways, the effect of plasma tryptophan on PAG functional connectivity (PAG-FC) in migraine has not been investigated yet. In this study, using a matched case-control design PAG-FC was measured during a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging session in migraine without aura patients (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 27), and its relationship with plasma tryptophan concentration (TRP) was assessed.

Homocysteine-related alterations of F-FDG brain pattern in metabolic diseases.

Since hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcys) is implicated as a risk factor for the development of neurodegeneration, and is associated with the development of metabolic diseases,we aimed at analysing the effect of homocysteine (Hcys) on regional fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) brain metabolismin 51 controlled type 2 diabetic and in 48 non-DM obese participants. Plasma Hcys levels were measured by an immunoassay. Homocysteine-related F-FDG regional brain metabolism was evaluated applying F-FDG PET/CT using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain template for statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis.

Cellular Proteo-Transcriptomic Changes in the Immediate Early-Phase of Lentiviral Transduction.

Lentivirus-based vectors derived from human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and 2) are widely used tools in research and may also be utilized in clinical settings. Like their parental virions, they are known to depend on the cellular machinery for successful gene delivery and integration. While most of the studies on cellular proteomic and transcriptomic changes have focused on the late phase of the transduction, studies of those changes in early time-points, especially in the case of HIV-2 based vectors, are widely lacking.

The role of hybrid FDG-PET/MRI on decision-making in presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy.

Background: When MRI fails to detect a potentially epileptogenic lesion, the chance of a favorable outcome after epilepsy surgery becomes significantly lower (from 60 to 90% to 20-65%). Hybrid FDG-PET/MRI may provide additional information for identifying the epileptogenic zone. We aimed to investigate the possible effect of the introduction of hybrid FDG-PET/MRI into the algorithm of the decision-making in both lesional and non-lesional drug-resistant epileptic patients.

Reduced Level of Tear Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Proteins as a Possible Reason for Higher Ocular Infections in Diabetic Patients.

(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders and a risk factor for bacterial ocular infections. Our aim was to examine the antibacterial activity of tears from patients with diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy and to link this activity to the level of tear proteins. (2) Methods: Non-stimulated basal tears were collected from 39 eyes of 35 subjects.

Resting-state EEG theta activity reflects degree of genetic determination of the major epilepsy syndromes.

Objective: To explore relationship between EEG theta activity and clinical data that imply the degree of genetic determination of epilepsy.

Methods: Clinical data of interest were epilepsy diagnosis and positive / negative family history of epilepsy. Study groups were: idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), focal epilepsy (FE); FE of unknown etiology (FEUNK), FE of postnatal-acquired etiology (FEPA); all patients with positive / negative family history of epilepsy (FAPALL, FANALL, respectively), disregarding of the syndrome; FAP patients with 1st degree affected relative (FAP1) and those with 2nd degree epileptic relative only (FAP2).

Automated procedure assessing the accuracy of HRCT-PET registration applied in functional virtual bronchoscopy.

Background: Bronchoscopy serves as direct visualisation of the airway. Virtual bronchoscopy provides similar visual information using a non-invasive imaging procedure(s). Early and accurate image-guided diagnosis requires the possible highest performance, which might be approximated by combining anatomical and functional imaging.

Characterizing Network Search Algorithms Developed for Dynamic Causal Modeling.

Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) is a widely used tool to estimate the effective connectivity of specified models of a brain network. Finding the model explaining measured data is one of the most important outstanding problems in Bayesian modeling. Using heuristic model search algorithms enables us to find an optimal model without having to define a model set a priori.