Circannual rhythm in the incidence of cryptorchidism in Finland.

Conflicting data on circannual variation in birth rates of urogenital malformations have been reported previously. To assess risk factors of cryptorchidism we studied the seasonal variation of cryptorchidism in Finland. We performed a prospective cryptorchidism study in Turku, Finland, from 1997 to 2001 to evaluate the incidence of cryptorchidism.

Interobserver and intra-observer agreement in interpreting urodynamic measurements in children.

Purpose: We evaluated the comparability and repeatability of analyses based on urodynamic reports.

Materials And Methods: We assessed interobserver and intra-observer agreement when interpreting urodynamic examinations performed in children. Four pediatric urologists analyzed 17 sets of urodynamic data and gave their interpretations of the possible underlying condition of the tested subjects.