Concomitant low-grade isthmic L5-spondylolisthesis does not affect the course of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: Scoliosis with spondylolisthesis was described in 4.4-48%. No information on clinical impact or outcome is available.

Operative treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis in children: a long-term, retrospective comparative study with matched cohorts.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the long-term clinical, functional and radiographic outcomes of young patients operated on before or at the onset of puberty (Children) and those operated on after that (Adolescents). The study group consisted of 298 patients operated on under the age of 20 years; 55 of them were operated on before or at the onset of growth spurt (29 females<12.5 years, 26 males<14.

Treatment of spinal deformities in patients with diastrophic dysplasia: a long-term, population based, retrospective outcome study.

Study Design: A long-term, population based, retrospective follow-up study.

Objective: To evaluate long-term outcomes of brace and surgical treatment for spinal deformities in patients with diastrophic dysplasia (DD).

Summary Of Background Data: Literature on the brace treatment and surgery of spinal deformities in patients with DD is limited.

Long-term health-related quality of life after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and spondylolisthesis.

Background: The aim of surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is primarily to prevent progression and secondarily to correct the deformity, whereas the goal of surgical treatment of pediatric spondylolisthesis is mainly to relieve pain and, in patients with a high-grade slip, to prevent progression. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term health-related quality of life after surgery for idiopathic scoliosis and spondylolisthesis in adolescence.

Methods: One hundred and ninety patients, with a mean age of fifteen years, who were treated surgically for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and 270 patients, with a mean age of sixteen years, who were treated surgically for low-grade or high-grade spondylolisthesis participated in the present study.

Uninstrumented in situ fusion for high-grade childhood and adolescent isthmic spondylolisthesis: long-term outcome. Surgical technique.

Background: Intermediate-term radiographic studies have shown that anterior and circumferential techniques result in high fusion rates in patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis, whereas posterolateral fusion is less successful. We are not aware of any long-term comparative studies in which these three methods have been evaluated with regard to functional outcome, including systematic spinal mobility and trunk strength measurements.

Methods: Sixty-nine of eighty-three consecutive patients with high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis who underwent posterolateral (twenty-one), anterior (twenty-three), or circumferential (twenty-five) uninstrumented spondylodesis between 1977 and 1991 participated in the study.

Uninstrumented in situ fusion for high-grade childhood and adolescent isthmic spondylolisthesis: long-term outcome.

Background: Intermediate-term radiographic studies have shown that anterior and circumferential techniques result in high fusion rates in patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis, whereas posterolateral fusion is less successful. We are not aware of any long-term comparative studies in which these three methods have been evaluated with regard to functional outcome, including systematic spinal mobility and trunk strength measurements.

Methods: Sixty-nine of eighty-three consecutive patients with high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis who underwent posterolateral (twenty-one), anterior (twenty-three), or circumferential (twenty-five) uninstrumented spondylodesis between 1977 and 1991 participated in the study.

Long-term outcome after posterolateral, anterior, and circumferential fusion for high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents: magnetic resonance imaging findings after average of 17-year follow-up.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study to evaluate the long-term result of posterolateral (PLF), anterior (AF), and circumferential fusion (CF) for isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Objectives: To assess the long-term effects of PLF, AF, or CF for high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis on lumbar spine in children and adolescents by using MRI.

Summary Of Background Data: Short- and mid-term clinical and plain radiographic results of isthmic spondylolisthesis and of PLF, AF, and CF in severe slip are well documented.

Results of brace treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in boys compared with girls: a retrospective study of 102 patients treated with the Boston brace.

The aim of the study was to compare the results of brace treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in male patients with matched female patients and to assess the effectiveness of bracing of boys in AIS and to discuss the results with published data. Between 1987 and 1995, 51 consecutive male patients with AIS were treated with the Boston brace. The patients were advised to wear the brace 23 h/day.

Treatment of severe spondylolisthesis in adolescence with reduction or fusion in situ: long-term clinical, radiologic, and functional outcome.

Study Design: Retrospective follow-up study with two cohorts: one treated with reduction and the other with fusion in situ.

Objective: To assess the long-term effects of reduction versus fusion in situ on lumbar spine in children and adolescents with severe L5 isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Summary Of Background Data: Severe isthmic spondylolisthesis is commonly treated with fusion in situ, but modern surgical techniques and instrumentation permit the reduction of a severely slipped fifth lumbar vertebra.

Direct repair for treatment of symptomatic spondylolysis and low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis in young patients: no benefit in comparison to segmental fusion after a mean follow-up of 14.8 years.

The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term clinical, functional, and radiographic outcome of direct repair of spondylolysis using cerclage wire fixation according to Scott in young patients with symptomatic spondylolysis or low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis as compared to the outcome after uninstrumented posterolateral in situ fusion. Twenty-five out of 28 patients of the direct repair group (89%) and 23 out of 28 of the fusion group (82%) were available for follow-up examination. The assessment by independent observers included a structured interview (Oswestry questionnaire [ODI], visual analogue scale, SRS questionnaire), a clinical examination, functional testing, plain radiography, and MRI.

Effectiveness of the Providence nighttime bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparative study of 36 female patients.

The aim of the study was to assess the results of treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with the Providence nighttime brace at 1.8 years after discontinuation of bracing. A total of 36 consecutive female patients with an average Cobb angle of 28.

Posterolateral, anterior, or circumferential fusion in situ for high-grade spondylolisthesis in young patients: a long-term evaluation using the Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire.

Study Design: A retrospective, comparative follow-up study.

Objective: To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes after posterolateral, anterior, or circumferential fusion in situ for high-grade spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents.

Summary Of Background Data: Controversial opinions still exist about the surgical treatment of severe isthmic spondylolisthesis.

No correlation between patient outcome and abnormal lumbar MRI findings 21 years after posterior or posterolateral fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents.

Between 1977 and 1987, posterior (n=29) or posterolateral (n=73) fusion was performed for mild to moderate (slip <50%) isthmic spondylolisthesis on 102 patients (46 females, 56 males). The patients' average age at the time of operation was 15.9 (range, 8.

Predictors of neck pain: a cohort study of children followed up from the age of 11 to 22 years.

Body height is an alleged risk factor for low back pain in adulthood, but its importance regarding non-specific neck pain is obscure during childhood and adolescence. We studied anthropometric measurements for their associations with the incidence of neck pain in a population study of 430 children who were examined five times: at the age 11-14 and 22 years. Body height and weight and the degrees of trunk asymmetry, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured at every examination.

Development of spinal posture in a cohort of children from the age of 11 to 22 years.

Spinal posture and the resultant changes during the entire pubertal growth period have not been reported previously. No cohort study has focused on the development of spinal posture during both the ascending and the descending phase of peak growth of the spine. The growth and development of a population-based cohort of 1060 children was followed up for a period of 11 years.

Anthropometric measurements and growth as predictors of low-back pain: a cohort study of children followed up from the age of 11 to 22 years.

Body height is an alleged risk factor for low-back pain (LBP) in adulthood, but its importance is obscure during childhood and adolescence. We studied growth for its association with the incidence of LBP in a population study of 430 children who were examined five times: at the age 11,12,13,14 and 22 years. Body height and weight and the degrees of trunk asymmetry, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured at every examination.

Does gender affect outcome of surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Study Design: A retrospective follow-up study comparing 2 matched groups.

Objective: To compare long-term results of operative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) between males and females matched for age, curve magnitude and type, and the instrumentation used.

Summary Of Background Data: It has been suggested that in AIS, the spine is more rigid in males than in females, because brace treatment fails to halt progression of the curves in males.

Long-term clinical, functional and radiological outcome 21 years after posterior or posterolateral fusion in childhood and adolescence isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Long-term radiological studies have shown that a high rate of fusion can be achieved with posterolateral spondylodesis. Radiological findings, however, do not always correlate with patient satisfaction and outcome. No studies have been conducted on the long-term results of functional outcome, including spinal mobility and trunk strength measurements, after operative treatment of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, as compared with the reference population.

Scoliosis research society outcome instrument in evaluation of long-term surgical results in spondylolysis and low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis in young patients.

Study Design: A retrospective follow-up study of low-grade (slip < or = 50%) isthmic spondylolisthesis after posterior or posterolateral fusion in young patients.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire and compare it with Oswestry Disability Index and radiographic parameters in patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Summary Of Background Data: A few studies have examined long-term patient outcome using validated questionnaires or compared it with radiographic parameters after surgery for isthmic spondylolisthesis in young patients.

Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) or Universal Spine System (USS) instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): comparison of midterm clinical, functional, and radiologic outcomes.

Study Design: A retrospective comparison of the clinical, radiologic, and functional results of Cotrell-Dubousset (CD) and Universal Spine System (USS) instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Objectives: To establish whether there are any differences in outcome between the 2 instrumentation systems.

Summary Of Background Data: CD is the first complex posterior double rod instrumentation system to provide multiple hook fixation.

Walking ability in patients with diastrophic dysplasia: a clinical, electroneurophysiological, treadmill, and MRI analysis.

Patients with diastrophic dysplasia have walking difficulties of obscure etiology; some are even wheelchair-bound. To explore the problem, physical examination, treadmill, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroneurophysiologic studies were performed on 87 patients (56 females, 31 males) with an average age of 31 (range 3-56) years. Mobility of the spine, hips, knees, and feet was diminished.

Harrington and Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Long-term functional and radiographic outcomes.

Background: Previous studies have shown that the long-term clinical outcome does not correlate with the radiographic outcome in patients treated with Harrington instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation has been reported to provide better correction radiographically, but it is unclear whether it provides better long-term clinical or functional outcomes. We are not aware of any long-term studies comparing Harrington and Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation.

Total knee arthroplasty in patients with diastrophic dysplasia.

Background: Diastrophic dysplasia results in severe disproportionate short stature, generalized joint deformities, and early osteoarthritis. The knee joint often has an abnormal valgus position and is unstable, and degeneration of all joint compartments occurs, even during growth. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of total knee arthroplasty in a series of patients with diastrophic dysplasia.

Body mass index and slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Body mass index (BMI) as a predictor of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) was studied. A total of 26 adolescent patients had complete annual height and weight measurements taken from birth to onset of slippage. These values were compared with those of the normal adolescent population.