Effects of light and BAY K 8644, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine, on mechanical responses of rat thoracic aorta.

The effect of day light and ultraviolet radiation (360 nm) on mechanical responses to BAY K 8644 (methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(-2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-py ridine- 5 -carboxylate), potassium (K+) and noradrenaline (NA) of rat aorta rings was investigated. The contractile response to BAY K 8644 (10(-6)M) obtained before and after exposure of the BAY K 8644 stock solution to ultraviolet radiation was unchanged and equal to that of K+, 125 mM. Ultraviolet radiation and day light did not affect responses evoked by K+ (125 mM) and NA (1.

A novel 1,4 dihydropyridine, BAY K 8644, with contractile effects on vascular smooth muscle.

The effect of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) pyridine-5-carboxylate, BAY K 8644, was studied on isolated thoracic aortae obtained from male Wistar-Kyoto rats. In rat aorta BAY K 8644 had dual actions as the compound induced contractions in the concentration range 10(-8)-10(-5)M and relaxation at higher concentrations. In low concentrations (10(-8)M) BAY K 8644 increased the contractile response to both noradrenaline and potassium and shifted the concentration response curves to the left while in high concentrations BAY K 8644 (10(-4)M) had a relaxant effect on preparations precontracted by potassium.

A novel principle for detection of systolic and diastolic blood pressure tested in man and rat with special reference to its applicability in rat studies.

A non-invasive procedure for the application of a photodetector method in rat studies to obtain both systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements is described. The method has been tested against well-established procedures in rats and in human beings and has proved sufficiently fast and reliable for use in long-term studies. Regression analysis of simultaneously obtained invasive versus non-invasive measurements yielded correlation coefficients of 0.

Effects of two new Ca-entry blockers bepridil and nitrendipine on isolated vessels.

The effects of nitrendipine and bepridil were studied in isolated rings of human crural veins contracted by noradrenaline (NA) or potassium (K). Both drugs had a concentration dependent inhibitory effect on active tone and shifted the NA and K concentration-response curves to the right in a non-parallel manner and reduced the maximum contractile response. Both drugs had a more potent inhibitory effect on K than on NA-induced contractions.

Studies on the effect of histamine in isolated human pulmonary arteries and veins.

The effect of histamine (0.01-200 microM) was studied in isolated human pulmonary vessels. Histamine induced concentration dependent contractions in both arteries and veins.

Drinking water and drug dosage in rat studies.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with verapamil, hydralazine, indapamide or bepridil added to their drinking water. These substances had most different effects on the water consumption of the animals, displaying both positive and negative feed-back mechanisms. Furthermore there were considerable differences in stability of the drugs in solution.

Effects of nifedipine on contractile responses to potassium, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in isolated human pulmonary vessels.

Isolated human pulmonary arteries and veins cut to ring preparations responded with maximum contractions to potassium (127 mM; K), histamine (90 microM), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (47 microM; 5-HT). Nifedipine (0.003-3 microM) had a concentration-dependent relaxant effect on contractions induced by K, histamine, or 5-HT.

Effects of nifedipine on isolated human pulmonary vessels.

The effects of the Ca-blocker nifedipine on the contractile response to K and NA in isolated human pulmonary vessels were studied. Specimens of macroscopically normal pulmonary vessels, obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lungtumours were carefully dissected and cut into rings. The results suggest that nifedipine, by blocking the entry of extracellular calcium, inhibits K-induced contractions in isolated pulmonary vessels.

Regional differences in the response of isolated human vessels to vasoactive substances.

1. Crural, mesenteric and pulmonary vessels obtained during surgery were studied. Isometric tension was recorded and contractions were induced by potassium 127 mM (K), noradrenaline 18 microM (NA), prostaglandin F2 alpha 2.

Are isolated femoral resistance vessels or tail arteries good models for the hindquarter vasculature of spontaneously hypertensive rats?

We have investigated the extent to which the properties of small arteries from the hindquarters of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) are consistent with the characteristics of perfused SHR hindquarter preparations (for which the relaxed vascular resistance, the reactivity and the sensitivity are reported to be increased). We have therefore compared the in vitro morphological and pharmacological properties of a femoral resistance vessel (i.d.

Comparison of the effects of a new vasodilator pinacidil and nifedipine on isolated blood vessels.

In isolated human crural veins studied in vitro pinacidil (0.038-380 microM) caused a concentration-related inhibition of noradrenaline, 18 microM (NA) and 127 mM K+-induced contractions. Pinacidil was more potent in inhibiting the NA-contraction than that induced by K+, whereas the reverse was seen for nifedipine.

Renal effects of acute calcium blockade with nifedipine in hypertensive patients receiving beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs.

The effects on blood pressure and renal function of a single 20-mg sublingual dose of nifedipine were investigated in 10 patients with mild to moderate arterial hypertension insufficiently treated on beta-blocker monotherapy. Nifedipine induced a prompt and marked reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (average maximal reduction 30/22 mm Hg, P less than 0.001).

Different reactivity and structure of the prestenotic and poststenotic aorta in human coarctation. Implications for baroreceptor function.

In eight humans with coarctation, fresh aortic tissue was examined pharmacodynamically. In four of these patients, and in 12 additional patients, the aorta above and below the coarctation was studied morphologically and compared with eight control aortas. By in vitro stimulation with potassium (127 mM), noradrenaline (18 microM), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (28 microM), postcoarctational aortic ring preparations showed a significantly greater contractility than precoarctational rings (p less than 0.

Treatment with verapamil reduces blood pressure and tends to normalize vascular responsiveness and ion transport in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (n = 7) were treated with verapamil in the drinking water (0.9 g/L) for a 5-month period. Blood pressure and heart weight in these animals were significantly lower than in a control group of rats (n = 7) receiving tap water.

Efficacy of neuroleptic medication in pervasive developmental disorders of childhood.

A number of studies pertaining to the use of antipsychotic medication in the treatment of pervasively disordered children are reviewed. The drugs examined are chlorpromazine, haloperidol, thioridazine, thiothixene, trifluoperazine, lithium, and other miscellaneous agents. Medication side effects are also reviewed with particular attention to extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.

Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and ergotamine on human superficial temporal artery.

Isometric tension was recorded in ring preparations of human superficial temporal arteries contracted by noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and ergotamine. In contrast to NA and 5-HT, ergotamine induced long-lasting contractions refractive to additional stimulations and resistant to repeated wash-out. When tested against 5-HT, ergotamine acted as a non-competitive antagonist.

School avoidance and social phobia triggered by haloperidol in patients with Tourette's disorder.

Fifteen patients with Tourette's disorder developed school and work avoidance syndromes when treated with low doses (mean 2.5 mg/day) of haloperidol for short periods of time (mean, 8 weeks). The phobic syndromes disappeared completely with discontinuation or reduction of the haloperidol dose.

Effects of ergotamine on isolated human vessels.

In isolated human mesenteric and crural veins, ergotamine induced long-lasting contractions. These contractions were resistant to repeated wash-out and were not affected by alpha-adrenoceptor blockade, but could be abolished by removal of extracellular calcium or by the presence of the calcium-blocker nifedipine. In contrast to its effect on human mesenteric and crural veins, ergotamine had no contractile effect, but a marked relaxant effect on mesenteric arteries mediated via blockade of alpha-receptors.

Comparative studies on the effects of tolmesoxide (Rx71107), a tolmesoxide metabolite (Rx71112) and nifedipine in isolated blood vessels.

1 The effect was studied of tolmesoxide (Rx71107), a tolmesoxide metabolite (Rx71112) and nifedipine on active tension in human isolated crural veins and in rat thoracic aorta. The effects of tolmesoxide and nifedipine on (22)Na and (45)Ca net influx in noradrenaline-induced contractions were investigated in rat thoracic aorta.2 Tolmesoxide, Rx71112 and nifedipine caused a concentration-related inhibition of noradrenaline (NA)- and potassium (K(+))-induced contractions in human veins.

The hyperactive child syndrome: peripheral sympathetic nervous system function and the effect of d-amphetamine.

We evaluated sympathetic nervous system function in medication-free hyperactive children by measuring plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and then comparing the effects of two therapeutics doses of d-amphetamine to placebo in these patients. The medication-free hyperactive patients and controls had similar plasma NE levels and blood pressures while recumbent, and a similar increase in NE on standing, but the patients had a larger pressor response on standing. In the hyperactive patients d-amphetamine significantly increased blood pressure, pulse rate, and NE levels.

Patient viewing of videotaped psychotherapy. Part I: Impact on the therapeutic process.

A seminar for psychotherapy supervision of residents employed videotapes of interviews as the focus. When patients and therapists together reviewed the tapes, a number of therapeutically valuable results ensued including a) retelling of corrected histories and new commitment to the therapy; b) increased awareness of denied areas of experience and insight into transference, defense, hidden affects and so on; c) a variety of forms of confrontation. In addition, this report reviews indications, difficulties, problems, and failures encountered with this technique.