High-energy density cellulose nanofibre supercapacitors enabled by pseudo-solid water molecules.

Compared with conventional electrochemical supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries, the novel amorphous cellulose nanofibre (ACF) supercapacitor demonstrates superior electric storage capacity with a high-power density, owing to its fast-charging capability and high-voltage performance. This study unveils introduces an ACF supercapacitor characterised by a substantial energy density. This is achieved by integrating a singular layer of pseudo-solid water molecules (electrical resistivity of 1.

Radical electron-induced cellulose-semiconductors.

Bio-semiconductors are expected to be similar to organic semiconductors; however, they have not been utilized in application yet. In this study, we show the origin of electron appearance, N- and S-type negative resistances, rectification, and switching effects of semiconductors with energy storage capacities of up to 418.5 mJ/m using granulated amorphous kenaf cellulose particles (AKCPs).

High-energy storage capacity of cellulose nanofiber supercapacitors using bound water.

The performance of electric double-layer capacitors and lithium-ion batteries deteriorates with increasing humidity. The desirable effect of bound water on the energy-storage properties of physically dry cellulose nanofiber (Na-ACF) supercapacitors with sodium (Na) carboxylate radicals was investigated using infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, alternating current impedance analyses, and first-principles calculations. The storage capacity decreased gradually upon heating to 423 K and reached zero upon exceeding 483 K, accompanied by increasing electrical resistance, forming a distorted semicircle in Nyquist diagram and drawing the phase angle to zero in Bode diagram.

A novel n-type semiconducting biomaterial.

There has been no research conducted thus far on the semiconducting behaviour of biomaterials. In this study, we present an n-type semiconducting biomaterial composed of amorphous kenaf cellulose fibre (AKCF) paper with a voltage-controlled N-type negative resistance. The AKCF generates an alternating-current wave with a frequency of 40.

Amorphous cellulose nanofiber supercapacitors with voltage-charging performance.

The electric charge storage properties of amorphous cellulose nanofiber (ACF) supercapacitors with different metal carboxylate radicals (COOM; M: Na(I), Ca(II), Al(III)) was investigated in terms of charging/discharging behaviours, alternating current impedance analysis, and plane-wave-based first-principles density functional calculations. Na-ACF exhibited a higher storage effect than Ca- and Al-ACFs. The charge storage mechanism for an Na-ACF supercapacitor was proposed using an electric double layer model in a CHONa electrolyte with an electrical resistivity of 6.

Amorphous cellulose nanofiber supercapacitors.

Despite the intense interest in cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) for biomedical and engineering applications, no research findings about the electrical energy storage of CNF have been reported yet. Here, we present the first electroadsorption effects of an amorphous cellulose nanofiber (ACF) supercapacitor, which can store a large amount of electricity (221 mJm, 13.1 Wkg).

AlO clusters' electric storage effect in amorphous alumina supercapacitors.

In this study, the electric storage effect of AlO clusters in amorphous alumina (AAO) supercapacitors was investigated in terms of cluster morphologies under electron-beam irradiation. Based on first-principles density functional calculation, the optimised structure of AlO clusters around an O-vacancy is characterised by a large vacant space created by the absence of an O atom and its neighbouring Al atom. The localised electrons present near the two-atomic vacancies induce positive charges on the inside of the insulating oxide surface, ensuring the adsorption of many electrons on the surface.

Possible generation of heat from nuclear fusion in Earth's inner core.

The cause and source of the heat released from Earth's interior have not yet been determined. Some research groups have proposed that the heat is supplied by radioactive decay or by a nuclear georeactor. Here we postulate that the generation of heat is the result of three-body nuclear fusion of deuterons confined in hexagonal FeDx core-centre crystals; the reaction rate is enhanced by the combined attraction effects of high-pressure (~364 GPa) and high-temperature (~5700 K) and by the physical catalysis of neutral pions: D + D + D → 2H + He + 2  + 20.

Amorphous titanium-oxide supercapacitors.

The electric capacitance of an amorphous TiO surface increases proportionally to the negative sixth power of the convex diameter d. This occurs because of the van der Waals attraction on the amorphous surface of up to 7 mF/cm, accompanied by extreme enhanced electron trapping resulting from both the quantum-size effect and an offset effect from positive charges at oxygen-vacancy sites. Here we show that a supercapacitor, constructed with a distributed constant-equipment circuit of large resistance and small capacitance on the amorphous TiO surface, illuminated a red LED for 37 ms after it was charged with 1 mA at 10 V.

Superior electric storage on an amorphous perfluorinated polymer surface.

Amorphous perfluoroalkenyl vinyl ether polymer devices can store a remarkably powerful electric charge because their surface contains nanometre-sized cavities that are sensitive to the so-called quantum-size effect. With a work function of approximately 10 eV, the devices show a near-vertical line in the Nyquist diagram and a horizontal line near the -90° phase angle in the Bode diagram. Moreover, they have an integrated effect on the surface area for constant current discharging.

Electric charging/discharging characteristics of super capacitor, using de-alloying and anodic oxidized Ti-Ni-Si amorphous alloy ribbons.

Charging/discharging behaviors of de-alloyed and anodic oxidized Ti-Ni-Si amorphous alloy ribbons were measured as a function of current between 10 pA and 100 mA, using galvanostatic charge/discharging method. In sharp contrast to conventional electric double layer capacitor (EDLC), discharging behaviors for voltage under constant currents of 1, 10 and 100 mA after 1.8 ks charging at 100 mA show parabolic decrease, demonstrating direct electric storage without solvents.

Capacitance distribution of Ni-Nb-Zr-H glassy alloys.

Capacitance distribution of {(Ni(0.6)Nb(0.4)(1-x)Zrx}(100-y)-Hy (x = 0.

The effect of hydrogen content on ballistic transport behaviors in the Ni-Nb-Zr-H glassy alloys.

The electronic transport behaviors of (Ni(0.39)Nb(0.25)Zr(0.

Superconductivity of Ni-Nb-Zr-H glassy alloys with nanoclusters.

We investigated the hydrogen effect on superconductivity in the (Ni0.36Nb0.24Zr0.

Chaotic properties of quantum transport in Ni-Nb-Zr-H glassy alloys.

We analyzed the dynamic evolution of an ensemble of electrons performing macroscopic resonant tunneling for room-temperature millimeter-sized Coulomb oscillation in Ni-Nb-Zr-H glassy alloys as a function of the cluster size and boundary length using a one-dimensional Kronig-Penny model with a stepwise potential. The reflection coefficient showed a stagnant chaos around a narrow torus for a superlattice with a cluster size of 0.55 nm and a boundary distance of 0.

Formation and characterization of sub-nanometer scale cF8 Ge precipitates in Si-based amorphous matrix.

Sub-nanometer size cF8 Ge clusters are found to be homogeneously distributed within the Si-Mn amorphous matrix of the SiGeMn thin films deposited by sputtering technique on silicon substrate. The existence of such clusters is observed by XRD and TEM. The electrical conduction in such a composite film seems to be governed by the variable range hopping.

Bioactive titanate nanomesh layer on the Ti-based bulk metallic glass by hydrothermal-electrochemical technique.

Titanate nanomesh layers were fabricated on Ti-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) to induce bioactivity in the form of apatite-forming ability. Titanate nanomesh layers were prepared by hydrothermal-electrochemical treatment at 90 degrees C for 2 h, with an aqueous solution of NaOH as an electrolyte. A constant electric current of 0.

Potassium-hydrated silicate solution unfreezable down to 190 K.

The freezing point of pure water is expected to be about 163 K in the absence of hydrogen bonds for water molecules and no rotation of water molecules. In anticipation of freezing point depression by breaking of the hydrogen bonds and formation of irrotational bonds with OH groups, a potassium-hydrated silicate solution was prepared. From thermal and ultrasonic analyses, we found that the silicate solution has a eutectic point of around 190 K in the SiO2-KOH-H2O system.