Clinical Factors Associated with New-Onset Glucose Intolerance among Patients with Schizophrenia during Clozapine Treatment: All-Case Surveillance in Japan.

Clozapine (CLZ), an antipsychotic with a unique mechanism of action, is known to be superior to any other antipsychotic for schizophrenia. However, CLZ is also known to be associated with the development of lethal side effects, which include agranulocytosis and glucose intolerance (GI). Regular measurement and registration of blood test results have been mandatory for all CLZ users; however, these risks may still prevent therapists from prescribing CLZ.

Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in Japan: Changes in leukocyte/neutrophil counts before and after discontinuation of clozapine.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, background factors, and progression of and recovery from clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in Japan.

Methods: Data on treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients registered with the Clozaril Patient Monitoring Service (CPMS) between July 29, 2009 and January 20, 2016 were extracted. Patients with a neutrophil count <500/mm were defined as having agranulocytosis, and those with a leukocyte count <3,000/mm or a neutrophil count <1,500/mm but not meeting the criteria for agranulocytosis were defined as having leukopenia/neutropenia.

CO(2)-cAMP-responsive cis-elements targeted by a transcription factor with CREB/ATF-like basic zipper domain in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Expression controls of the carbon acquisition system in marine diatoms in response to environmental factors are an essential issue to understand the changes in marine primary productivity. A pyrenoidal β-carbonic anhydrase, PtCA1, is one of the most important candidates to investigate the control mechanisms of the CO(2) acquisition system in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. A detailed functional assay was carried out on the putative core regulatory region of the ptca1 promoter using a β-glucuronidase reporter in P.