NLR family proteins act as intracellular receptors. Gene duplication amplifies the number of NLR genes, and subsequent mutations occasionally provide modifications to the second gene that benefits immunity. However, evolutionary processes after gene duplication and functional relationships between duplicated NLRs remain largely unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResponding to the declaration of regional polio eradication in 2000, Western Pacific Region (WPR) has been strengthening the efforts for measles elimination. Nevertheless, we questioned the feasibility of the measles elimination in Laos, where measles was still endemic. This study was undertaken with the aim to examine the impact of mass measles vaccination campaign, by comparing the prevalence of measles antibodies between before and after the campaign in 2000, among the children aged 9 months to 4 years in the two pilot sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn developing countries, heavy workloads of women adversely affect their nutritional status and that of their children. Little is known, however, about the effect of children's heavy workloads on their own well-being. In Nepal, girls are expected to help their mothers in time-consuming and energy-demanding tasks from an early age.
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