Novel bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) virus-like particle vaccine candidates presenting the E2 protein using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system induce a robust neutralizing antibody response in mice.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of commercial consequence in cattle. Although many modified live and killed vaccines are commercially available, their drawbacks precipitate the need for new effective vaccines. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a safe and powerful technology used in several human and veterinary vaccines; however, it is difficult to produce large amounts of BVDV VLPs.