[The modeling of measures of prevention and shaping proper behavior in population as tool of averting redundant risks of morbidity and mortality as exemplified by COVID-19 pandemic].

The article considers issues of how population behavior impacts realization of state anti-epidemic measures and efforts to control pandemic. Materials and Methods. The methodology of the study is based on such methods as text analysis, elastic network and construction of regression equations.

Revisiting the role of behavior-mediated structuring in the survival of populations in hostile environments.

Increasing the population density of target species is a major goal of ecosystem and agricultural management. This task is especially challenging in hazardous environments with a high abundance of natural enemies such as parasites and predators. Safe locations with lower mortality have been long considered a beneficial factor in enhancing population survival, being a promising tool in commercial fish farming and restoration of threatened species.

Wake-Up Free Ultrathin Ferroelectric HfZrO Films.

The development of the new generation of non-volatile high-density ferroelectric memory requires the utilization of ultrathin ferroelectric films. The most promising candidates are polycrystalline-doped HfO films because of their perfect compatibility with silicon technology and excellent ferroelectric properties. However, the remanent polarization of HfO films is known to degrade when their thickness is reduced to a few nanometers.

Repeating Christmas jump in LIBOR.

London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) exists since 1986 as a benchmark interest rate. Using two-layer linear regression method, we found a pattern of shortterm nature in LIBOR behaviour. To wit, 2-month LIBOR experiences a jump after Xmas for the last two decades.

Several Characteristics of G.L. Barron Important for Heather Plants' Controlled Mycorrhization.

G.L. Barron is a recognized fungal species capable of forming ericoid mycorrhiza with various positive effects on host plants; therefore, newly found and previously uncharacterized strains may be valuable for heather plants' controlled mycorrhization.

Emerging ENDS products and challenges in tobacco control toxicity research.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) continue to rapidly evolve. Current products pose unique challenges and opportunities for researchers and regulators. This commentary aims to highlight research gaps, particularly in toxicity research, and provide guidance on priority research questions for the tobacco regulatory community.

Nanoscale Doping and Its Impact on the Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of HfZrO.

Ferroelectric hafnium oxide thin films-the most promising materials in microelectronics' non-volatile memory-exhibit both unconventional ferroelectricity and unconventional piezoelectricity. Their exact origin remains controversial, and the relationship between ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties remains unclear. We introduce a new method to investigate this issue, which consists in a local controlled modification of the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties within a single HfZrO capacitor device through local doping and a further comparative nanoscopic analysis of the modified regions.

Analysis of the Aerosol Generated from Tetrahydrocannabinol, Vitamin E Acetate, and Their Mixtures.

E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak was linked to vitamin E acetate (VEA) used as a solvent for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Several studies were conducted to assess the products of VEA (and THC/VEA mixtures) thermal degradation as a result of vaporizing/aerosolizing from a traditional type (coil-cotton wick) and ceramic type coil vape pens. The particle size distribution (PSD) of VEA aerosol and the temperature VEA and THC/VEA mixtures are heated to were also measured for a few types of traditional and ceramic vape pens.

Allee effect in a manipulative parasite within poikilothermic host under temperature change.

Temperature and intraspecific competition are important factors influencing the growth of all organisms, including parasites. The temperature increase is suggested to stimulate the development of parasites within poikilothermic hosts. However, at high parasite densities, this effect could be diminished, due to stronger intraspecific competition.

Magnetoelectric Coupling at the Ni/HfZrO Interface.

Composite multiferroics containing ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components often have much larger magnetoelectric coupling compared to their single-phase counterparts. Doped or alloyed HfO-based ferroelectrics may serve as a promising component in composite multiferroic structures potentially feasible for technological applications. Recently, a strong charge-mediated magnetoelectric coupling at the Ni/HfO interface has been predicted using density functional theory calculations.

Band Excitation Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Adapted for Weak Ferroelectrics: On-the-Fly Tuning of the Central Band Frequency.

New interest in microscopic studies of ferroelectric materials with low piezoelectric coefficient, $d_{33}^\ast$, has emerged after the discovery of ferroelectric properties in HfO2 thin films, which are the main candidate for the next generation of nonvolatile ferroelectric memory. The study of the microscopic structure of ferroelectric HfO2 capacitors is crucial to get insights into the device behavior and performance. However, a small $d_{33}^\ast$ of ferroelectric HfO2 films leads to a low piezoresponse, especially in band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy (BE-PFM).

E-Cigarettes and Cardiopulmonary Health.

E-cigarettes have surged in popularity over the last few years, particularly among youth and young adults. These battery-powered devices aerosolize e-liquids, comprised of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin, typically with nicotine, flavors, and stabilizers/humectants. Although the use of combustible cigarettes is associated with several adverse health effects including multiple pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, the effects of e-cigarettes on both short- and long-term health have only begun to be investigated.

Fish occurrence in the middle Volga and upper Don regions (Russia).

Background: In ichthyological publications from both Russia as a whole, and from the study region, lack of data indicating the actual results of observations in a specific place all result in publication of a generalised analysis. Although our publications contain such data, they are, however, not convenient for users performing global analysis. The main purpose of publishing a database is to make our data available in the global biodiversity system to a wide range of users.

Chemical characterization of marijuana blunt smoke by non-targeted chemical analysis.

Marijuana blunts, which are tobacco cigar wrappers filled with marijuana, are commonly smoked in the US as a means of cannabis use. The use of marijuana blunts presents toxicity concerns because the smoke contains both marijuana-related and tobacco-related chemicals. Thus, it is important to understand the chemical composition of mainstream smoke (MSS) from marijuana blunts.

E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-associated Lung Injury: Developing a Research Agenda. An NIH Workshop Report.

The NHLBI convened a working group on October 23, 2019, to identify the most relevant and urgent research priorities and prevailing challenges in e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Experts across multiple disciplines discussed the complexities of the EVALI outbreak, identified research priorities, and recommended strategies to address most effectively its causal factors and improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease. Many research priorities were identified, including the need to create national and international registries of patients with EVALI, to track accurately those affected and assess outcomes.

Memristor with a ferroelectric HfO layer: in which case it is a ferroelectric tunnel junction.

New interest in the implementation of ferroelectric tunnel junctions has emerged following the discovery of ferroelectric properties in HfO films, which are fully compatible with silicon microelectronics technology. The coercive electric field to switch polarization direction in ferroelectric HfO is relatively high compared to classical perovskite materials, and thus it can cause the migration of non-ferroelectric charges in HfO, namely charged oxygen vacancies. The charge redistribution would cause the change of the tunnel barrier shape and following change of the electroresistance effect.

[The time course of changes in the state of monoaminergic systems in the brain of mice under the acute hypoxia with hypercapnia].

In socially isolated male outbred albino mice, the changes of monoaminergic systems under acute hypoxia with hypercapnia were studied. In cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and left sides of the brain, the concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites - dihydroxyphenylacetic, homovanillic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids were investigated using the HPLC method. In isolated mice, which were not subjected to hypoxia with hypercapnia, higher levels of dopamine and serotonin in the left cortex were found.

Personality Influences Risk of Parasitism in Fish.

Influence of fish personality on infection rate is poorly studied. In the experiments on young-of-the-year Oncorhynchus mykiss and cercariae of the trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, we tested the hypothesis that infection rate differs between more and less active ("bold" and "shy") fish. Will individual differences in infection persist upon re-infection? Fish serve as a second intermediate host for this trematode.

Polarization-dependent electric potential distribution across nanoscale ferroelectric HfZrO in functional memory capacitors.

The emergence of ferroelectricity in nanometer-thick films of doped hafnium oxide (HfO) makes this material a promising candidate for use in Si-compatible non-volatile memory devices. The switchable polarization of ferroelectric HfO controls functional properties of these devices through the electric potential distribution across the capacitor. The experimental characterization of the local electric potential at the nanoscale has not so far been realized in practice.

Ferroelectric Second-Order Memristor.

While the conductance of a first-order memristor is defined entirely by the external stimuli, in the second-order memristor it is governed by the both the external stimuli and its instant internal state. As a result, the dynamics of such devices allows to naturally emulate the temporal behavior of biological synapses, which encodes the spike timing information in synaptic weights. Here, we demonstrate a new type of second-order memristor functionality in the ferroelectric HfO-based tunnel junction on silicon.

[Central monoaminergic systems sensitivity to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia changes after the maintenance under the long-term social isolation].

The experiments were performed in male albino outbred mice kept in a group and under the conditions of long-term social isolation. The changes in the monoaminergic systems of the left and right hemispheres of the brain after acute hypoxia with hypercapnia have been studied. The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites - dioxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), homovanillic (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) acids - were determined by HPLC in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and left sides of the brain.

The Application of Commercially Available Mobile Cigarette Topography Devices for E-cigarette Vaping Behavior Measurements.

Introduction: The ability to reliably measure real-world vaping behavior is critical to understand exposures to potential toxins. Commercially available mobile topography devices were originally designed to measure cigarette puffing behavior. Information regarding how applicable these devices are to the measurement of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping topography is needed.