Automated detection and segmentation of focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) with artificial intelligence: Presentation of a novel convolutional neural network and its prospective clinical validation.

Purpose: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) represent one of the most frequent causes of pharmaco-resistant focal epilepsies. Despite improved clinical imaging methods over the past years, FCD detection remains challenging, as FCDs vary in location, size, and shape and commonly blend into surrounding tissues without clear definable boundaries. We developed a novel convolutional neural network for FCD detection and segmentation and validated it prospectively on daily-routine MRIs.