The Antimicrobial Potential of the Hop ( L.) Extract against and Oral .

Plant extracts are in the focus of the pharmaceutical industry as potential antimicrobials for oral care due to their high antimicrobial activity coupled with low production costs and safety for eukaryotic cells. Here, we show that the extract from Hop ( L.) exhibits antimicrobial activity against and in both planktonic and biofilm-embedded forms.

The Effect of Ficin Immobilized on Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Biofilms of Oral Pathogens.

In the last decade, Ficin, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the latex sap of the wild fig tree, has been widely investigated as a promising tool for the treatment of microbial biofilms, wound healing, and oral care. Here we report the antibiofilm properties of the enzyme immobilized on soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) and CMCh itself. Ficin was immobilized on CMCh with molecular weights of either 200, 350 or 600 kDa.

Reversal in the drought stress response of the Scots pine forest ecosystem: Local soil water regime as a key to improving climate change resilience.

In a changing climate, forest ecosystems have become increasingly vulnerable to continuously exacerbating heat and associated drought conditions. Climate stress resilience is governed by a complex interplay of global, regional, and local factors, with hydrological conditions being among the key players. We studied a Scots pine ( L.

The Functionality of IbpA from Is Governed by Dynamic Rearrangement of Its Globular-Fibrillar Quaternary Structure.

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) represent a first line of stress defense in many bacteria. The primary function of these molecular chaperones involves preventing irreversible protein denaturation and aggregation. In , fibrillar IbpA binds unfolded proteins and keeps them in a folding-competent state.

Repression of and by Strain AG10 in In Vivo Model.

Probiotic bacteria exhibiting antagonistic activities against pathogenic bacteria are widely considered as potential options for the prevention and treatment of various infectious diseases and represent potential substitutes of antibiotics. Here we show that the AG10 strain represses the growth of and in vitro and diminishes their negative effects in vivo in a model of survival on embryonic (larvae) and pupa stages. In an agar drop diffusion test, AG10 exhibited antagonistic properties against , , and , and repressed the growth of and during milk fermentation.

Alterations in Antibiotic Susceptibility of and in Dual Species Biofilms.

In the last decades, it has been shown that biofilm-associated infections in most cases are caused by rather two or even more pathogens than by single microorganisms. Due to intermicrobial interactions in mixed communities, bacteria change their gene expression profile, in turn leading to alterations in the biofilm structure and properties, as well as susceptibility to antimicrobials. Here, we report the alterations of antimicrobials efficiency in mixed biofilms of - in comparison with mono-species biofilms of each counterpart and discuss possible mechanisms of these alterations.

Brightfield vs Fluorescent Staining Dataset-A Test Bed Image Set for Machine Learning based Virtual Staining.

Differential fluorescent staining is an effective tool widely adopted for the visualization, segmentation and quantification of cells and cellular substructures as a part of standard microscopic imaging protocols. Incompatibility of staining agents with viable cells represents major and often inevitable limitations to its applicability in live experiments, requiring extraction of samples at different stages of experiment increasing laboratory costs. Accordingly, development of computerized image analysis methodology capable of segmentation and quantification of cells and cellular substructures from plain monochromatic images obtained by light microscopy without help of any physical markup techniques is of considerable interest.

Video-based marker-free tracking and multi-scale analysis of mouse locomotor activity and behavioral aspects in an open field arena: A perspective approach to the quantification of complex gait disturbances associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Complex gait disturbances represent one of the prominent manifestations of various neurophysiological conditions, including widespread neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, instrumental measurement techniques and automatic computerized analysis appears essential for the differential diagnostics, as well as for the assessment of treatment effectiveness from experimental animal models to clinical settings.

Methods: Here we present a marker-free instrumental approach to the analysis of gait disturbances in animal models.

Antimicrobial and Biofilm-Preventing Activity of l-Borneol Possessing 2(5H)-Furanone Derivative F131 against S. aureus—C. albicans Mixed Cultures.

and are human pathogens that are able to form mixed biofilms on the surface of mucous membranes, implants and catheters. In biofilms, these pathogens have increased resistance to antimicrobials, leading to extreme difficulties in the treatment of mixed infections. The growing frequency of mixed infections caused by and requires either the development of new antimicrobials or the proposal of alternative approaches to increase the efficiency of conventional ones.

The Bovhyaluronidase Azoximer (Longidaza) Disrupts and -Bacterial Mixed Biofilms and Increases the Efficacy of Antifungals.

Background and Objectives: Candida albicans causes various diseases ranging from superficial mycoses to life-threatening systemic infections often associated with biofilm formation, including mixed fungal−bacterial consortia. The biofilm matrix protects cells, making Candida extremely resistant to treatment. Here, we show that the bovhyaluronidase azoximer (Longidaza®) in vitro destroys the biofilm formed by either C.

The division protein FtsZ interacts with the small heat shock protein IbpA in Acholeplasma laidlawii.

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) control the proteins stability in the cell preventing their irreversible denaturation. While many mycoplasmas possess the sHSP gene in the genome, Acholeplasma laidlawii is the only mycoplasma capable of surviving in the environment. Here we report that the sHSP IbpA directly interacts with the key division protein FtsZ in A.

Case Report: Oncocytic Schneiderian Papilloma Originating From the Sphenoid Sinus.

A rare case of oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma originating from the sphenoid sinus characterised, for 3 years, by non-specific symptoms of severe headache, a block of nasal breathing, and deprecating sense of smell was presented by an elderly female patient. Sphenoid sinus functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), with a one-block tumour excision, through an endonasal approach, with a histological study of removed tumour masses, were performed on the patient. Long observation in the post-operative period was necessary, considering the risk of recurrence and malignancy of oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma (OSP).

Improving the Efficacy of Antimicrobials against Biofilm-Embedded Bacteria Using Bovine Hyaluronidase Azoximer (Longidaza).

While in a biofilm, bacteria are extremely resistant to both antimicrobials and the immune system, leading to the development of chronic infection. Here, we show that bovine hyaluronidase fused with a copolymer of 1,4-ethylenepiperazine N-oxide and (N-carboxymethyl) -1,4-ethylenepiperazinium bromide (Longidaza) destroys both mono- and dual-species biofilms formed by various bacteria. After 4 h of treatment with 750 units of the enzyme, the residual biofilms of , , , and preserved about 50-70% of their initial mass.

Biochemical Properties and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Chitosan-Immobilized Papain.

Chitosan, the product of chitin deacetylation, is an excellent candidate for enzyme immobilization purposes. Here we demonstrate that papain, an endolytic cysteine protease (EC: 3.4.

Targeting pathogenic fungi, bacteria and fungal-bacterial biofilms by newly synthesized quaternary ammonium derivative of pyridoxine and terbinafine with dual action profile.

Many pathogenic bacteria and microscopic fungi form rigid polymicrobial biofilms this way enhancing their resistant to treatment. A series of novel pyridoxine-based quaternary ammonium derivatives of terbinafine characterized by both antifungal and antibacterial activities was designed. The leading compound named KFU-127 exhibits promising antifungal and antibacterial activities against various bacteria and micromycetes in both planktonic and biofilm-embedded forms demonstrating MIC values comparable with those of conventional antifungals and antimicrobials.

Anti-biofilm and wound-healing activity of chitosan-immobilized Ficin.

Biofouling is among the key factors slowing down healing of acute and chronic wounds. Here we report both anti-biofilm and wound-healing properties of the chitosan-immobilized Ficin. The proposed chitosan-adsorption approach allowed preserving ~90% of the initial total activity of the enzyme (when using azocasein as a substrate) with stabilization factor of 4.

Bidirectional alterations in antibiotics susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus-Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual-species biofilm.

In mixed infections, the bacterial susceptibility differs significantly compared to monocultures of bacteria, and generally the concentrations of antibiotics required for the treatment increases drastically. For S. aureus and P.

Intraoperative Sphenoid Sinus Volume Measurement as an Alternative Technique to Intraoperative Computer Tomography.

Isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) is where there is a group of pathologies characterized by inflammation in one or both sphenoid sinuses. Although computer tomography (CT)-based 3D reconstruction remains the gold standard among noninvasive approaches to ISSD diagnostics, no standardized techniques for direct intraoperative measurements of the sphenoid sinus volume in ISSD patients have been documented. We suggest a novel technique for the intraoperative measurement of the sphenoid sinus volume.

N- and C-terminal regions of the small heat shock protein IbpA from competitively govern its oligomerization pattern and chaperone-like activity.

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitous molecular chaperones preventing the irreversible denaturation of proteins. While in two sHSPs IbpA and IbpB work in strong cooperation, the sole Mollicute with free-living ability carries a single gene encoding the sHSP protein IbpA. , independently of the temperature, IbpA forms a heterogeneous mixture of approximately 24-mer globules, fibrils and huge protein aggregates.

Increasing Susceptibility of Drug-Resistant to Fluconazole and Terbinafine by 2(5)-Furanone Derivative.

The frequency of mycoses caused by drug-resistant fungal pathogen has increased drastically over the last two decades. The spread of drug-resistant strains, along with the limitations of currently available antifungals, complicates the management of fungal infections, thereby representing great challenges for clinical healthcare. Among various antimicrobial pharmacophores, 2(5)-furanone derivatives have demonstrated antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities.

Newly isolated lactic acid bacteria from silage targeting biofilms of foodborne pathogens during milk fermentation.

Background: Raw milk, meat and plant materials are subjected to high risks of contamination by various pathogenic bacteria and thus their growth prevention is a great challenge in the food industry. Food fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) besides changing its organoleptic characteristics also helps to eliminate unfavorable microflora and represses growth of pathogens. To the date only few LABs has been reported to exhibit activity against bacteria embedded in the biofilms characterized by extreme resistance to antimicrobials, high exchange rate with resistance genes and represent high risk factor for foodborne disease development.

Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Selective Antimicrobial Activity of 2(5)-Furanone Derivative against .

causes various infectious diseases, from skin impetigo to life-threatening bacteremia and sepsis, thus appearing an important target for antimicrobial therapeutics. In turn, the rapid development of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation makes it extremely robust against treatment. Here, we unravel the molecular mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of the recently unveiled consisting of three pharmacophores: chlorinated 2(5)-furanone, sulfone, and -menthol moieties.

Targeting Bacillus cereus cells: increasing efficiency of antimicrobials by the bornylpossessing 2(5Н)-furanone derivative.

Among a variety of antimicrobial compounds, the derivatives of 2(5H)-furanone exhibit different effects on Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. While inhibiting quorum-dependent biofilm formation and virulence factor expression by Gram-negative bacteria through specific interference with the AI-2 signaling pathways, these compounds demonstrate bactericidal effects against Gram-positive bacteria. Here we report that 3,4-dichloro-5(S)-[(1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.