SGLT-2 Inhibitors' and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists' Influence on Neuronal and Glial Damage in Experimental Stroke.

SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have demonstrated nephro- and cardioprotective effects, but their neuroprotective properties, especially concerning stroke severity, and mechanisms are not unambiguous. We aimed to study the influence of SGLT-2i with different selectivity and GLP-1RA on brain damage volume and neurological status in non-diabetic and diabetic rats and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Non-diabetic rats were divided into five groups (n = 10 each) and received empagliflozin, canagliflozin, or dulaglutide as study drugs and metformin as comparison drug.

[Modern aspects of photo and laser therapy for wound infection in surgical practice].

The review is devoted to modern treatment technologies for wound infection. The majority of studies are devoted to pharmacological and surgical methods. A few reports describe non-drug methods including photo and laser therapy.

Gradient Functionalization of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Materials with Polylysine for Spatially Controlled Cell Adhesion.

The development of biomaterials with gradient surface modification capable of spatially controlled cell adhesion and migration is of great importance for tissue engineering and regeneration. In this study, we proposed a method for the covalent modification of PLA-based materials with a cationic polypeptide (polylysine, PLys) via a thiol-ene click reaction carried out under a light gradient. With this aim, PLA-based films were fabricated and modified with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) as a double bond source.

Impact of Intraoperative Blood Transfusion on Cerebral Injury in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Congenital Septal Heart Defect Surgery.

The components of donor blood themselves have the potential to initiate a systemic inflammatory response and exacerbate neuroinflammation, resulting in subsequent cerebral injury. The aim of this study was to establish the role of transfusion in the development of cerebral injury during the correction of congenital heart defects in children. A total of 78 patients aged from 1 to 78 months, with body weights ranging from 3.

Major changes in domain arrangements are associated with the evolution of termites.

Domains as functional protein units and their rearrangements along the phylogeny can shed light on the functional changes of proteomes associated with the evolution of complex traits like eusociality. This complex trait is associated with sterile soldiers and workers, and long-lived, highly fecund reproductives. Unlike in Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps), the evolution of eusociality within Blattodea, where termites evolved from within cockroaches, was accompanied by a reduction in proteome size, raising the question of whether functional novelty was achieved with existing rather than novel proteins.

[Effect of hyperoxic inhalations for athletes of different sports, including those who had COVID-19, when training in the middle altitude].

Objective: To identify hyperoxic inhalations on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of athletes of different sports, who have previously had COVID-19, when training in the middle altitude.

Material And Methods: The study included 64 elite athletes during the preparatory period. The studies were conducted in Kislovodsk in the middle altitude (1240 meters) on the Maloe Sedlo mountain, in the conditions of training camps.

[Effects of the beta-stimulating training in recovery of adaptive reserves in athletes of different sports].

Unlabelled: Application of the beta rhythm neurofeedback is mainly dealt with when considering issues related to improving attention for clinical or preventive purposes. Cognitive and autonomic interactions formed with the help of biofeedback training, changing the function of autonomic and visceral systems, qualitatively improve the efficiency of any activity, including athletic activity, the nature of which is predetermined by the type of sports.

Objective: To identify effects of the beta-stimulating training in recovery of adaptive reserves in athletes of different sports.

[Modern approaches to developing a system of valid methods for monitoring individual health and maintaining active longevity].

Unlabelled: Life expectancy In Russia in 2023, according to preliminary data, exceeded 73 years, returning to the pre-pandemic level. The increase in life expectancy is associated both with an improvement in the quality of medical care In Russia and with a more responsible attitude towards the health of citizens, which is confirmed by an improvement in the quality of nutrition, a decrease in alcohol consumption and an increase in the number of people involved in sports. At the same time, there are many signs of aging, both cellular and molecular, some of the main ones are genome stability, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, impaired proteostasis and nutrient recognition, mitochondrial dysfunction, depletion of the stem cell pool and changes in intercellular interactions, extracellular matrix rigidity, as well as retrotransposon activation and chronic inflammation.

Lithiation of phosphorus at the nanoscale: a computational study of LiP clusters.

Systematic structure prediction of LiP nanoclusters was performed for a wide range of compositions (0 ≤ ≤ 10, 0 ≤ ≤ 20) using the evolutionary global optimization algorithm USPEX coupled with density functional calculations. With increasing Li concentration, the number of P-P bonds in the cluster reduces and the phosphorus backbone undergoes the following transformations: elongated tubular → multi-fragment (with mainly P rings and P cages) → cyclic topology → branched topology → P-P dumbbells → isolated P ions. By applying several stability criteria, we determined the most favorable LiP clusters and found that they are located in the compositional area between ≈ /3 and ≈ /3 + 6.

Genomic signatures of eusocial evolution in insects.

The genomes of eusocial insects allow the production and regulation of highly distinct phenotypes, largely independent of genotype. Although rare, eusociality has evolved convergently in at least three insect orders (Hymenoptera, Blattodea and Coleoptera). Despite such disparate origins, eusocial phenotypes show remarkable similarity, exhibiting long-lived reproductives and short-lived sterile workers and soldiers.

The Content of Anthocyanins in Cowpea ( (L.) Walp.) Seeds and Contribution of the Gene Cluster to Their Coloration Pattern.

The intensively pigmented legumes belonging to and spp. are valued as an essential component of healthy nutrition due to their high content of flavonoids. In this context, we used the accessions of with different colors of seed coats from the N.

Differential effects of intrinsic properties of natural scenes and interference mechanisms on recognition processes in long-term visual memory.

Humans display remarkable long-term visual memory (LTVM) processes. Even though images may be intrinsically memorable, the fidelity of their visual representations, and consequently the likelihood of successfully retrieving them, hinges on their similarity when concurrently held in LTVM. In this debate, it is still unclear whether intrinsic features of images (perceptual and semantic) may be mediated by mechanisms of interference generated at encoding, or during retrieval, and how these factors impinge on recognition processes.

Live-bearing cockroach genome reveals convergent evolutionary mechanisms linked to viviparity in insects and beyond.

Live birth (viviparity) has arisen repeatedly and independently among animals. We sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the viviparous Pacific beetle-mimic cockroach and performed comparative analyses with two other viviparous insect lineages, tsetse flies and aphids, to unravel the basis underlying the transition to viviparity in insects. We identified pathways undergoing adaptive evolution for insects, involved in urogenital remodeling, tracheal system, heart development, and nutrient metabolism.

The effect of rifampicin on expression of the toll-like receptor system genes in the forebrain cortex of rats prenatally exposed to alcohol.

Ethanol causes long-term changes in the toll-like receptor (TLR) system, promoting activation of neuroinflammation pathways. Alcohol use during pregnancy causes neuroinflammatory processes in the fetus; this can lead to the development of symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Our study has shown that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) induced long-term changes in the TLR system genes (Tlr3, Tlr4, Ticam, Hmgb1, cytokine genes) in the forebrain cortex of rat pups.

Ultralow reaction barriers for CO oxidation in Cu-Au nanoclusters.

Systematic structure prediction of CuAu nanoclusters was carried out for a wide compositional area ( + ≤ 15) using the evolutionary algorithm USPEX and DFT calculations. The obtained structural data allowed us to assess the local stability of clusters and their suitability for catalysis of CO oxidation. Using these two criteria, we selected several most promising clusters for an accurate study of their catalytic properties.

[Improvement of Crops Using the CRISPR/Cas System: New Target Genes].

The success of genome editing of crops using the CRISPR/Cas system largely depends on the correct choice of target genes, for which directed changes will increase yield and improve the quality of plant raw materials and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. This work systematizes and catalogs data on target genes used to improve cultivated plants. The latest systematic review examined articles indexed in the Scopus database and published before August 17, 2019.

Secondary structure of the human mitochondrial genome affects formation of deletions.

Background: Aging in postmitotic tissues is associated with clonal expansion of somatic mitochondrial deletions, the origin of which is not well understood. Such deletions are often flanked by direct nucleotide repeats, but this alone does not fully explain their distribution. Here, we hypothesized that the close proximity of direct repeats on single-stranded mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) might play a role in the formation of deletions.

Crystal Structure of Inhibitor-Bound Bacterial Oligopeptidase B in the Closed State: Similarity and Difference between Protozoan and Bacterial Enzymes.

The crystal structure of bacterial oligopeptidase B from (SpOpB) in complex with a chloromethyl ketone inhibitor was determined at 2.2 Å resolution. SpOpB was crystallized in a closed (catalytically active) conformation.

Phosphorus nanoclusters and insight into the formation of phosphorus allotropes.

Elemental phosphorus has a striking variety of allotropes, which we analyze by looking at stable phosphorus clusters. We determine the ground-state structures of P clusters in a wide range of compositions ( = 2-50) using density functional calculations and global optimization techniques. We explain why the high-energy white phosphorus is so easily formed, compared to the much more stable allotropes - the tetrahedral P cluster is so much more stable than nearby compositions that only by increasing the size to P one can get a more stable non-P-based structure.

[Methods to restore fine motor skills in stroke patients].

The review article considers the problem of nonmedical post-stroke rehabilitation, in particular the restoration of fine motor skills in patients in the early period of the disease. A review and analysis of various randomized controlled trials concerning the use of various rehabilitation methods both in monotherapy and in their combined application is carried out, and modern technical devices, with the use of computer technology and biofeedback, are reviewed. Proceeding from the presented literature data and their analysis, there are certain grounds for introducing modern apparatus complexes and robotized devices for fine motor skills restoration in post-stroke patients, especially in the early period, into the multimodal rehabilitation system.

[Possibilities of physiotherapy methods for improving the microcirculation of the affected limb in patients with spasticity after acute cerebral circulation during the late recovery period].

Unlabelled: The significant prevalence of acute cerebral circulatory disorders, the complexity and persistence of disorders of the functions of the upper and lower extremities, which are accompanied by prolonged and persistent disability, is an important medical and social problem.

Objective: Development of optimized programs of medical rehabilitation in patients after acute cerebrovascular accident in the late recovery period.

Material And Methods: The study included 200 patients who suffered acute cerebral circulatory disorders, with increased muscle tone in the lower extremity by the type of spasticity in the late recovery period, who were divided into five groups comparable in clinical and functional characteristics and age: the 1 group (=40) - patients who, in addition to the standard complex of therapy and rehabilitation, the same in all five groups and including therapeutic physical culture, medical massage and kinesiotherapy, received low-frequency electrostatic massage, complex multimodal effects from the Alpha-capsule apparatus, training on a multifunctional biofeedback (BFB) platform and training of the stereotype of walking on to the track by the method of imposition; the 2 group (=40) - patients who, in addition to the standard complex, received low-frequency electrostatic massage from the Khivamat apparatus and exposure to broadband modulation currents; the 3 group (=40) - patients who, in addition to the standard complex, received a complex multimodal effect from the Alpha-capsule; the 4 group (=40) - patients who, in addition to the standard complex, received training on a multifunctional platform with barefoot and training of the stereotype of walking on the track by the method of imposition; the 5 group (=40) - patients who received only a standard complex of therapy and rehabilitation.

Preparation and Investigation of Spherical Powder Made from Corrosion-Resistant 316L Steel with the Addition of 0.2% and 0.5% Ag.

The paper describes the production and study of spherical powder made from corrosion-resistant 316L steel with the addition of 0.2% and 0.5% Ag.