Dual Modulator of ASIC Channels and GABA Receptors from Thyme Alters Fear-Related Hippocampal Activity.

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated ion channels that mediate nociception in the peripheral nervous system and contribute to fear and learning in the central nervous system. Sevanol was reported previously as a naturally-occurring ASIC inhibitor from thyme with favorable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Using electrophysiological methods, we found that in the high micromolar range, the compound effectively inhibited homomeric ASIC1a and, in sub- and low-micromolar ranges, positively modulated the currents of α1β2γ2 GABA receptors.

Environmental Pollution in Geopark Management: A Systematic Review of the Literary Evidence.

Dozens of geoparks have been created in the world since the beginning of the 21st century. Their environmental impact is yet to be fully understood. A bibliographical survey was undertaken to systematically review the journal articles devoted to environmental pollution in geoparks.

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining, meandering tropical rivers, and geological heritage: Evidence from Brazil and Indonesia.

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) flourishes along many tropical rivers, and it still requires proper documentation in many countries, as well as interpretation in terms of rational resource exploitation and wildlife preservation. In this study we used remote sensing techniques to analyze two representative examples of ASGM: one along the Marupa River in Brazil (Tapajós Domain) and another one along the Kahayan River in Indonesia (Central Kalimantan). The documented spatial extent of ASGM is ~9175 km along the Marupa River and ~30,427 km along the Kahayan River.

[Progress and prospects of metabolic therapy in multiple sclerosis].

Side-effects and incomplete response to standard therapy of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) stimulate the development of an alternative therapy, that influences, in particular, metabolic functions of MS patients. Metabolic therapy (vitamins, antioxidants and others) have been used for a long time in neurologic practice for the treatment of MS on the basis of pathophysiological mechanisms, positive clinical experience, low rate of side-effects and practical availability. Recent objective scientific data explain the necessity of correction of the disturbed metabolic profile (metabolome) in MS, and the first evidence of the efficacy of several metabolic agents, particularly, biotin and vitamin D, was shown.

Phytoplankton and Its Role in Accumulation of Microelements in Bottom Deposits of Azov Sea.

The importance of phytoplankton is high in transformation of substances in aquatic ecosystems and in formation of suspension's material structure. Its main functions are consumption of the dissolved biogenic components and chemical elements and their conversion to a firm phase. The article is devoted to the bioaccumulation of microelements by phytoplankton in the ecosystem of the Azov Sea.

Isolated populations of the bush-cricket (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in Russia suggest a disjunct area of the species distribution.

Phylogenetic analysis and assessment of the species status of mostly isolated populations of in south-western Russia occurring far beyond the accepted area of the species distribution in the Carpathian-Balkan region were performed. Using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene fragment, we found a very low level of genetic diversity in these populations. Phylogeographic reconstruction did not support recent introduction events but rather historical range fragmentation.

[Current concepts of the mechanisms of formation of gunshot fractures].

The mechanisms of formation of gunshot fractures in flat bones inflicted by a semispherical bullet were investigated using expert and experimental materials. The process of crack formation was considered in terms of the Hertzian contact problem and the Hill-Johnson model. It was shown that the fracture develops as a result of combination of stresses and strains in the bone tissue leading to the formation of a hydrostatic nucleus prior to tissue fragmentation.

[The specific mechanism of bruising inflicted by rubber bullets of traumatic weapons].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific features of the injuries inflicted by rubber bullets of traumatic weapons based on the results of real and experimental observations. Morphological characteristics of external lesions are presented as determined by peculiarities of tissue destruction caused by mechanical impact. Metric characteristics of morphological features of contour (circular) bruises and elastic projectiles coincide with the dimensional ratio in the model of interaction of interest, i.

[The 1st native department of nervous and mental diseases].

In 1860 year in Medical-surgical academy in St. Petersburg was found the first department of nervous and mental diseases. With this department are aligned names of the greatest native neurologists and psychiatrists (Merzheevsky I.

[First-string native neurohistologist and histopathologist (to the 130th anniversary of Doynikov B.S.)].

The article presents a biographic sketch, devoted to one of founders of histopathology of peripheral nervous system--Doynikov B.S. (1879-1948) - professor of Military-medical academy, author of fundamental monographies "General histology and histopathology of peripheral somatic nervous system" and "General histology and histopathology of peripheral vegetative nervous system".

Karyotypic diversity in the subfamily Eurytominae (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae).

New data on the karyotype structure of five species of the subfamily Eurytominae are described, including the following species: Eurytoma rosae (2n = 20), E. robusta (n =7, 2n = 14), E. serratulae (n = 6, 2n = 12), E.

["Dutch Hippocrates" Herman Boerhaave and the problem of epilepsy].

The authors present an analysis of scientific conceptions of epilepsy by the outstanding scientist and physician Herman Boerhaavey. All aspects of the disease, including etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, rehabilitation, treatment, were described in the manuscripts devoted to neurology from the archive of H. Boerhaave in the Military Medical Academy.

[Acute chlamydial lesions of the nervous system: etiology, diagnosis, clinical aspects].

The examination of 180 patients with acute neuroinfection (105 males, 75 females at the age from 18 to 45 years) has detected C. trachomatis in 23.8%, C.