Spanish multicentre study on morbidity and pathogenicity of tracheal bronchus in children.

Tracheal bronchus (TRB) has been generally considered an anatomical variant of the tracheobronchial tree without a precise pathological effect. Its prevalence is estimated to be between 0.2% to 3% of all children undergoing bronchoscopy and scientific information has been limited to case reports or small case series.

Bacteria from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with suspected chronic lower respiratory tract infection: results from a multi-center, cross-sectional study in Spain.

Unlabelled: This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of bacteria isolated from Spanish children with suspected chronic lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) for whom bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was indicated. BAL fluid (BALF) was collected from 191 children (aged ≥ 6 months to < 6 years, with persistent or recurrent respiratory symptoms, non-responders to usual treatment) and cultured. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were also obtained and cultured to assess concordance of BALF and NPS findings in the same patient.

Are airways structural abnormalities more frequent in children with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections?

Unlabelled: We report bronchoscopic changes observed in children with recurrent lower airways infections (RLAI) and findings in control children undergoing bronchoscopy for causes other than RLAI.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective case-control cohorts study. The clinical records of children who had fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) for a history of RLAI without any known underlying disorder between 2007 and 2013 and of control children who required FB for other causes were reviewed.

Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Could it be triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia?

We present a three-year-old girl with respiratory failure due to hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis caused by abnormal alpha chain of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor. Both the patient and an asymptomatic seven-year-old sister were homozygous for the same mutation in CSF2RA. We speculate that the Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia might have triggered the clinical presentation.

Assessment and management of infants with apparent life-threatening events in the paediatric emergency department.

Objective: To report our experience with a guideline approach for the assessment of apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) at our paediatric emergency department (PED).

Methods: Prospective observational case series study of a guideline approach for infants under the age of 12 months who suffered an ALTE between 1 April 2005 and 31 June 2006.

Results: A total of 66 infants with ALTE were included.